Probabilities of sexual HIV-1 transmission.
Probabilities of sexual HIV-1 transmission.
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DOI：
10.1097/00002030-199601001-00011
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发表时间：
1996-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
de Vincenzi, I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mastro, T D;de Vincenzi, I
截至1994年，全世界估计有1800万成年人感染艾滋病毒-1，性传播已占到其中的四分之三以上[1]。在非洲、拉丁美洲和亚洲的发展中国家，超过8%的HIV-1感染是发生的，绝大多数的性传播是异性传播，从男性到Wonnen和从Wonnen到男性。相比之下，在北美、欧洲和澳大拉西亚等发达国家，男性同性恋传播HIV-1远比异性传播更常见。在一些发展中国家观察到的HIV-1性传播与西方工业化国家相比在流行病学上存在差异的原因只有部分解释。易感个体通过性接触感染HIV-1的风险取决于两个因素：与感染者的性接触次数和每次性行为期间传播的可能性|2|。HIV-1传播的概率既取决于感染者的传染性，也取决于接触者的敏感度；个人的传染性受HIV-1病原体的传染性影响。确定各种环境中艾滋病毒-1经性传播的概率以及影响这一概率的因素，对于了解艾滋病毒-1的流行传播非常重要，并可能有助于解释为什么性传播在世界不同地区有所不同。
Sexual transmission has accounted for more than three-quarters of the estimated 18 million cumulative HIV-1 infections in adults worldwide through 1994 [1]. In the developing countries of Africa, Latin America and Asia, vvherc more than 8 ()% of all HIV-1 infections have occurred, an overwhelming majority of sexual transmis-sion has been heterosexual, from men to wonnen and from wonnen to men. In contrast, in the developed countries of North America, Europe and Australasia, male homosexual HIV-1 transmission has been far more common than heterosexual transmission. Reasons for the epidemiologic differences in sexual HIV-1 transmission observed in some developing countries compared with industrialized Western countries have only been partly explained.The risk of a susceptible individual acquiring HIV-1 infection through sexual contact depends on two factors: the number of sexual contacts with infected persons and the probability of transmission during each sex act| 2|. The probability of HIV-1 transmission depends on both the infectiousness of the infected person and the suscep-tibility of the exposed person; the infectiousness of an individual is influenced by the infectivity of the agent, HIV-1. Determination of the probability of sexual HIV-1 transmission in various settings and the factors affecting this probability is important in understanding epidemic spread of HIV-1 and may help explain why sexual transmission varies in different regions of the world.