Connecting the Brain to Itself through an Emulation.
Connecting the Brain to Itself through an Emulation.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2017.00373
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Serruya MD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Serruya MD
对植入设备的人类患者进行的试点临床试验，可以长期记录和刺激成百上千个单个神经元的集合，这为扩大认知的底物提供了可能性。并行的发电率活动序列可以实时传送到一系列中间外部模块，这些模块反过来又可以触发并行刺激序列返回大脑。这些模块可以构建在软件、VLSI固件或生物组织中，作为体外培养准备或体内异位构建的有机化合物。模块阵列可以构建为早期的全脑仿真器，遵循规范的区域内和区域间电路。通过使用机器学习算法和已知的激活准正交功能连接模式的经典任务，床边测试可以快速识别集成调谐属性，并反过来循环通过一系列外部模块架构来探索哪些会导致感知和行为的改变。全脑仿真包括(1)作为辅助并行系统来增强人类神经功能，补偿疾病和损伤，以及(2)由人在环路中引导其独立操作，以识别最佳微观和宏观架构，更新突触权重，并引入行为。通过这种方式，闭环式脑机接口试点临床试验可以推动强大的人工智能发展，并打造新的疗法，以恢复患有神经疾病的儿童和成人的独立性。
Pilot clinical trials of human patients implanted with devices that can chronically record and stimulate ensembles of hundreds to thousands of individual neurons offer the possibility of expanding the substrate of cognition. Parallel trains of firing rate activity can be delivered in real-time to an array of intermediate external modules that in turn can trigger parallel trains of stimulation back into the brain. These modules may be built in software, VLSI firmware, or biological tissue as in vitro culture preparations or in vivo ectopic construct organoids. Arrays of modules can be constructed as early stage whole brain emulators, following canonical intra- and inter-regional circuits. By using machine learning algorithms and classic tasks known to activate quasi-orthogonal functional connectivity patterns, bedside testing can rapidly identify ensemble tuning properties and in turn cycle through a sequence of external module architectures to explore which can causatively alter perception and behavior. Whole brain emulation both (1) serves to augment human neural function, compensating for disease and injury as an auxiliary parallel system, and (2) has its independent operation bootstrapped by a human-in-the-loop to identify optimal micro- and macro-architectures, update synaptic weights, and entrain behaviors. In this manner, closed-loop brain-computer interface pilot clinical trials can advance strong artificial intelligence development and forge new therapies to restore independence in children and adults with neurological conditions.
影响因子：
3
作者：
Kahn K;Saxena S;Eskandar E;Thakor N;Schieber M;Gale JT;Averbeck B;Eden U;Sarma SV
通讯作者：
Sarma SV