Effects of low-dose alcohol exposure on simulated merchant ship piloting by maritime cadets.
Effects of low-dose alcohol exposure on simulated merchant ship piloting by maritime cadets.
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低剂量酒精暴露对海事学员模拟商船驾驶的影响。
DOI：
10.1016/s0001-4575(00)00040-3
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发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Laramie,AK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Howland,J;Rohsenow,DJ;Cote,J;Gomez,B;Mangione,TW;Laramie,AK
美国交通部 (DOT) 对某些类别的商业运输运营商在工作期间的饮酒情况进行监管。对于飞机、火车和商船，操作人员血液酒精浓度 (BAC) ≥0.04 g% 将受到制裁。本研究考察了酒精（0.04 至 0.05 g% BAC）对模拟商船操纵的影响。使用两组随机因子设计来比较饮料酒精和安慰剂，同时控制前一天的基线表现。该研究是在缅因州卡斯蒂恩缅因海事学院的海事模拟中心进行的。参与者是 38 名大三或大四的志愿甲板军官学员，年龄至少 21 岁，有桥梁模拟器经验。在第 1 天进行基线试验后，第 2 天，参与者被随机分配接受酒精（男性 0.6 克/公斤，女性 0.5 克/公斤）或安慰剂。在给予时间吸收后，参与者完成了桥梁模拟器任务。对于基线和性能试验，参与者被随机分配到四个桥梁模拟器场景之一，每个场景代表一艘满载的集装箱船通过商业交通的通道。由盲法海事教育者给出的总情景分数衡量了表现。酒精的主要影响表明，相对于安慰剂条件下的表现，低剂量的酒精会显着损害表现。这些发现符合现行联邦法规，限制商业运输车辆操作员接触低剂量酒精。需要进一步研究以确定较低 BAC 的效果。
The US Department of Transportation (DOT) regulates on-the-job alcohol use by operators of certain categories of commercial transport. For aircraft, trains, and commercial vessels, operators are subject to sanctions for having ≥0.04 g% blood alcohol concentration (BAC). This study examines the effects of alcohol (between 0.04 and 0.05 g% BAC) on simulated merchant ship handling. A two-group randomized factorial design was used to compare beverage alcohol to placebo while controlling for baseline performance on a previous day. The study was conducted in the Maritime Simulation Center at Maine Maritime Academy, Castine, ME. Participants were 38 volunteer deck officer cadets in their junior or senior year, at least 21 years of age, with previous experience on a bridge simulator. Following a baseline trial on Day 1, on Day 2 participants were randomized to receive alcohol (0.6 g/kg for males and 0.5 g/kg for females) or placebo. After allowing time for absorption, participants completed a bridge simulator task. For baseline and performance trials, participants were randomized to one of four bridge simulator scenarios, each representing passage of a fully loaded container vessel through a channel with commercial traffic. The aggregate scenario score given by blinded maritime educators measured performance. A main effect for alcohol was found indicating that performance was significantly impaired by this low dose of alcohol relative to performance in the placebo condition. These findings are consistent with current federal regulations that limit low-dose alcohol exposure for the operators of commercial transport vehicles. Further research is required to determine effects at lower BACs.