Brazil’s Market for Trading Forest Certificates
Brazil’s Market for Trading Forest Certificates
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巴西森林证书交易市场
作者：
B. Soares;R. Rajão;F. Merry;H. Rodrigues;J. Davis;L. Lima;M. Macedo;M. Coe;Arnaldo Carneiro;L. Santiago
巴西在执行经修订的《森林法》方面面临巨大挑战。尽管对环境造成了巨大损失，但该法律引入了新的机制，以促进遵守和促进生态系统服务付费。其中最有希望的是森林证书交易市场，允许土地所有者通过支付维护其他地方的原生植被来抵消其恢复义务。我们分析了巴西新兴CRA市场的经济潜力及其对PES计划的影响。结果表明，交易4.2 Mha CRA的潜在市场，总价值为92 ± 24亿美元，主要区域市场在马托格罗索州和圣保罗州形成。这将是世界上最大的森林交易市场。总体而言，巴西各州CRA的潜在供应超过了需求，为其他PES计划使用CRA市场创造了机会。这一扩大的市场不仅可以为保护原生植被提供货币激励，还可以通过促进注重生物多样性、水资源保护和气候调节的生态系统服务费用支付方案来实现环境共同效益。《森林法》的有效实施对这一市场的成功至关重要，这一障碍给市场带来了不确定性。巴西国内外的长期承诺对于克服今后的许多挑战至关重要。
Brazil faces an enormous challenge to implement its revised Forest Code. Despite big losses for the environment, the law introduces new mechanisms to facilitate compliance and foster payment for ecosystem services (PES). The most promising of these is a market for trading forest certificates (CRAs) that allows landowners to offset their restoration obligations by paying for maintaining native vegetation elsewhere. We analyzed the economic potential for the emerging CRA market in Brazil and its implications for PES programs. Results indicate a potential market for trading 4.2 Mha of CRAs with a gross value of US$ 9.2±2.4 billion, with main regional markets forming in the states of Mato Grosso and São Paulo. This would be the largest market for trading forests in the world. Overall, the potential supply of CRAs in Brazilian states exceeds demand, creating an opportunity for additional PES programs to use the CRA market. This expanded market could provide not only monetary incentives to conserve native vegetation, but also environmental co-benefits by fostering PES programs focused on biodiversity, water conservation, and climate regulation. Effective implementation of the Forest Code will be vital to the success of this market and this hurdle brings uncertainty into the market. Long-term commitment, both within Brazil and abroad, will be essential to overcome the many challenges ahead.