Kinetic and frequency-domain properties of reflex and conditioned eyelid responses in the rabbit
Kinetic and frequency-domain properties of reflex and conditioned eyelid responses in the rabbit
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DOI：
10.1152/jn.2000.83.2.836
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发表时间：
2000-02-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Delgado-García, JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gruart, A;Schreurs, BG;Delgado-García, JM
记录单侧反射性眨眼和条件性眨眼时眼轮匝肌的肌电活动和眼睑位置。气泡诱发的眨眼包括一个快速下降的阶段，有时接着是连续的下降。重开阶段持续时间更长，峰值速度更慢。反射性眨眼的发作潜伏期、最大振幅、峰值速度和上升时间与诱发气肿刺激的强度和持续时间有关。手电筒照在眼睛上也会引起反射性眨眼，但不会引起闪光或音调。延迟经典条件反射范式和痕量经典条件反射范式均被采用。对于延迟条件反射，动物被给予350 ms， 90 db， 600 hz的音调作为条件刺激（CS）。对于微量调节，给动物一个IO-ms， 1-k/cm(2)的空气泡，作为CS。非条件刺激（US）包括100 ms， 3-k/cm(2)的吹气。刺激间隔为250 ms。音调的条件反射（CRs）是由向下的下垂组成的，在连续的条件作用中，下垂的数量增加。在不同条件下，CR的起始潜伏期随其最大振幅和峰值速度的增加而减小，但到达峰值的时间不变。短而弱的气波诱发的脑皮层地形表现出三个不同的组成部分：对脑皮层的α反应、脑皮层的反应和对US的反射反应。经调理后，CRs的发病潜伏期降低，最大振幅和峰值速度增加。CR的峰值时间保持不变。对反射和条件反射眨眼加速谱的功率谱分析显示，在4到15 Hz之间的宽带频率范围内，振荡明显接近8 Hz。鼻部和下颌骨运动的功率谱与反射性和条件性眨眼的功率谱不同。结论是，兔子的眼睑反射反应在轮廓和度量属性上与cr存在显著差异，表明不同的神经起源，但共同的近似8赫兹的神经振荡器是眼睑运动表现的基础。根据现有的数据，这个假定的振荡器的频率似乎与物种大小有关。
Eyelid position and the electromyographic activity of the orbicularis oculi muscle were recorded unilaterally in rabbits during reflex and conditioned blinks. Air-puff-evoked blinks consisted of a fast downward phase followed sometimes by successive downward sags. The reopening phase had a much longer duration and slower peak velocity. Onset latency, maximum amplitude, peak velocity, and rise time of reflex blinks depended on the intensity and duration of the air puff-evoking stimulus. A flashlight focused on the eye also evoked reflex blinks, but not flashes of light, or tones. Both delayed and trace classical conditioning paradigms were used. For delayed conditioning, animals were presented with a 350-ms, 90-dB, 600-Hz tone, as conditioned stimulus (CS). For trace conditioning, animals were presented with a IO-ms, 1-k/cm(2) air puff, as CS. The unconditioned stimulus (US) consisted of a 100-ms, 3-k/cm(2) air puff. The stimulus interval between CS and US onsets was 250 ms. Conditioned responses (CRs) to tones were composed of downward sags that increased in number through the successive conditioning sessions. The onset latency of the CR decreased across conditioning at the same time as its maximum amplitude and its peak velocity increased, but the time-to-peak of the CR remained unaltered. The topography of CRs evoked by short, weak air puffs as the CS showed three different components: the alpha response to the CS, the CR, and the reflex response to the US. Through conditioning, CRs showed a decrease in onset latency, and an increase in maximum amplitude and peak velocity. The time-to-peak of the CR remained unchanged. A power spectrum analysis of reflex and conditioned blink acceleration profiles showed a significant approximate to 8-Hz oscillation within a broadband of frequencies between 4 and 15 Hz. Nose and mandible movements presented power spectrum profiles different from those characterizing reflex and conditioned blinks. It is concluded that eyelid reflex responses in the rabbit present significant differences from CRs in their profiles and metric properties, suggesting different neural origins, but that a common approximate to 8-Hz neural oscillator underlies lid motor performance. According to available data, the frequency of this putative oscillator seems to be related to the species size.