Investigating Pseudo-nitzschia australis introduction to the Gulf of Maine with observations and models
Investigating Pseudo-nitzschia australis introduction to the Gulf of Maine with observations and models
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DOI：
10.1016/j.csr.2021.104493
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发表时间：
2021-08-16
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Shankar, Sugandha
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Clark, Suzanna;Hubbard, Katherine A.;Shankar, Sugandha
2016年，缅因湾史无前例的南菱形藻水华导致该地区历史上第一次因软骨藻酸而关闭贝类渔业。本文通过观测、水动力模型和拉格朗日颗粒跟踪模型，探索了澳洲对虾潜在的引种途径。根据粒子追踪实验，进入缅因湾的南美白纹伊蚊最有可能的来源是斯科特大陆架。然而，2016年，斯科特陆架和布卢姆地区之间的连通性与2012年至2019年的其他年份没有明显差异，温度条件也没有更有利于澳大利亚对虾的生长。观察表明，在引入澳大利亚对虾之前的2016年，斯科特大陆架发生了变化：底层盐度上升，表面盐度下降。大陆架底部盐度的增加可能与2016年通过东北海峡输送到缅因州海岸附近的异常咸水有关。上游水团性质的变化可能与澳大利亚对虾的引入有关，也可能是拉布拉多海流影响增加或圣劳伦斯湾外流增加的结果。尽管之前在北大西洋东部观察到过澳大利亚巴氏原虫的最终来源，但仍不清楚该物种的最终来源，而且通过亚极地路线实现跨洋连接是可能的。有必要继续和加强监测，以追踪缅因湾假菱形藻的年际持续情况，并应在斯科特大陆架上进行采样，以绘制上游南美白对虾种群图。
In 2016, an unprecedented Pseudo-nitzschia australis bloom in the Gulf of Maine led to the first shellfishery closures due to domoic acid in the region's history. In this paper, potential introduction routes of P. australis are explored through observations, a hydrodynamic model, and a Lagrangian particle tracking model. Based on particle tracking experiments, the most likely source of P. australis to the Gulf of Maine was the Scotian Shelf. However, in 2016, connectivity between the Scotian Shelf and the bloom region was not significantly different from the other years between 2012 and 2019, nor were temperature conditions more favorable for P. australis growth. Observations indicated changes on the Scotian Shelf in 2016 preceded the introduction of P. australis: increased bottom salinity and decreased surface salinity. The increased bottom salinity on the shelf may be linked to anomalously saline water observed near the coast of Maine in 2016 via transport through Northeast Channel. The changes in upstream water mass properties may be related to the introduction of P. australis, and could be the result of either increased influence of the Labrador Current or increased outflow from the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The ultimate source of P. australis remains unknown, although the species has previously been observed in the eastern North Atlantic, and connectivity across the ocean is possible via a subpolar route. Continued and increased monitoring is warranted to track interannual Pseudo-nitzschia persistence in the Gulf of Maine, and sampling on the Scotian Shelf should be conducted to map upstream P. australis populations.