Volatiles from the bark of trembling aspen, Populus tremuloides Michx. (Salicaceae) disrupt secondary attraction by the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)
Volatiles from the bark of trembling aspen, Populus tremuloides Michx. (Salicaceae) disrupt secondary attraction by the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)
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来自颤抖白杨（Populus tremuloides Michx）树皮的挥发物。
作者：
J. Borden;I. Wilson;R. Gries;L. Chong;J. H. Pierce;G. Gries
摘要Porapak Q捕获的颤白杨树皮挥发物的气相色谱-触角电位检测（GC-EAD）分析揭示了四种化合物，一贯引起触角反应的山松甲虫（MPBs），美国西部大小蠹霍普金斯。其中之一，1-己醇，破坏了捕获的MPBs在多漏斗陷阱诱饵的聚集信息素的反式马鞭草烯醇和exo-brevicomin和主机利它素月桂烯，共混物的化学信息素介导的二次吸引反应，其中甲虫大规模攻击和杀死活松树。其他三个EAD活性白杨树皮挥发物，苯甲醇，苯甲醛和壬醛，单独无活性，但在二元和三元组合有助于在添加剂和冗余的方式时，所有四个白杨树皮挥发物进行了测试，在所有可能的二元和三元混合物的破坏性影响。最佳三元共混物和四元共混物实现了≥ 80%的破坏。四元混合物增强了在陷阱中的抗聚集信息素马鞭草烯酮的破坏作用，提高破坏效果到98%，也增强了对引诱诱饵的火炬松攻击的抑制。这是第一次演示的具体化合物从被子植物的树皮，破坏二次吸引反应的同域食针叶树小蠹。这些结果支持了这一假设，即这种小蠹适应识别和避免非宿主被子植物树木响应的挥发物，可以在各种混合物中发挥同等作用。
Summary. Coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analysis of the Porapak Q-captured volatiles from the bark of trembling aspen, Populus tremuloides Michx., revealed four compounds that consistently elicited antennal responses by mountain pine beetles (MPBs), Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins. One of these, 1-hexanol, disrupted the capture of MPBs in multiple-funnel traps baited with the aggregation pheromones trans-verbenol and exo-brevicomin and the host kairomone myrcene, a blend of semiochemicals that mediates the secondary attraction response in which beetles mass attack and kill living pines. The other three EAD-active aspen bark volatiles, benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde and nonanal, were inactive alone, but in binary and ternary combinations contributed to a disruptive effect in an additive and redundant manner when all four aspen bark volatiles were tested in all possible binary and ternary blends. The best ternary blend and the quarternary blend achieved ≥ 80% disruption. The quarternary blend enhanced the disruptive effect of the antiaggregation pheromone verbenone in traps, raising the disruptive effect to 98%, and also enhanced the inhibition of attack on attractant-baited lodgepole pines. This is the first demonstration of specific compounds from the bark of angiosperm trees that disrupt the secondary attraction response of sympatric coniferophagous bark beetles. The results support the hypothesis that such bark beetles are adapted to recognize and avoid non-host angiosperm trees by responding to a broad spectrum of volatiles that can act in various blends with equal effect.