Age-related deficits in inhibition in figure-ground assignment
Age-related deficits in inhibition in figure-ground assignment
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DOI：
10.1167/16.7.6
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发表时间：
2016-05-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Peterson, Mary A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anderson, John A. E.;Healey, M. Karl;Peterson, Mary A.
我们评估了年龄差异的能力，以解决竞争的形象地位，在固定显示使用小，封闭，对称的轮廓，参与者归类为描绘“新奇”或“熟悉”的形状。这些轮廓是有偏向的，以至于里面被认为是成形的人物，外面被认为是无形的地面。关键的操作是，是否在一些新轮廓的边界外部建议了有意义的对象的一部分，而不是其他的M（+）Ground和M-Ground新轮廓。这种操作的目的是诱导更大的抑制竞争的图形地位从地面在M（+）地面轮廓比M（-）地面轮廓。在以前的研究中，年轻人将M（+）地面轮廓归类为“新颖”的速度比M（-）地面轮廓快（特鲁希略，艾伦，Schnyer和Peterson，2010），这表明年轻人可能会招募更多的抑制来解决图形背景时，有更多的竞争。在本研究中，我们在年轻人身上复制了这种效应，但老年人表现出相反的模式，并且在分类M（+）地面轮廓时不如M（-）地面轮廓准确。这些结果扩展了老年人的抑制赤字的证据，以固定显示器的数字分配。（M（+）接地- M（-）接地）RT差异在观察者的最长反应中是明显的，这与抑制缺陷在抑制需求很大时是明显的这一假设一致。
We assessed age differences in the ability to resolve competition for figural status in stationary displays using small, enclosed, symmetrical silhouettes that participants classified as depicting "novel'' or "familiar'' shapes. The silhouettes were biased such that the inside was perceived as the shaped figure, and the outside was perceived as a shapeless ground. The critical manipulation was whether a portion of a meaningful object was suggested on the outside of the border of some of the novel silhouettes but not others M(+)Ground and M-Ground novel silhouettes, respectively). This manipulation was intended to induce greater inhibitory competition for figural status from the groundside in M(+)Ground silhouettes than M(-)Ground silhouettes. In previous studies, young adults classified M(+)Ground silhouettes as "novel'' faster than M(-)Ground silhouettes (Trujillo, Allen, Schnyer, & Peterson, 2010), suggesting that young adults may recruit more inhibition to resolve figure-ground when there is more competition. We replicated this effect with young adults in the present study, but older adults showed the opposite pattern and were less accurate in classifying M(+)Ground than M(-)Ground silhouettes. These results extend the evidence for inhibitory deficits in older adults to figure assignment in stationary displays. The (M(+)Ground - M(-)Ground) RT differences were evident in observers' longest responses, consistent with the hypothesis that inhibitory deficits are evident when the need for inhibition is substantial.