The appearance of dicarboximide resistance in Botrytis cinerea in Queensland
The appearance of dicarboximide resistance in Botrytis cinerea in Queensland
复制标题
昆士兰灰葡萄孢中二甲酰亚胺抗性的出现
DOI：
10.1071/app9860024
复制
发表时间：
1986
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
R. Glass
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. O'brien;R. Glass
灰霉病（灰霉菌）的严重爆发。1985年5月至8月期间在Bundaberg的番茄作物中发生。大部分时间天气凉爽多雨，为这种疾病提供了有利条件。此外，6月的严重霜冻破坏了上部叶片，使植株易患灰霉病。经济损失是由于花枯萎病和果实侵染造成的，一些作物的产量仅为预期产量的三分之一。尽管使用苯甲酰和二甲亚胺类化学品异丙二酮和原嘧米酮进行了密集的杀真菌喷雾，但仍发生了这种附生现象。虽然苯甲酰已用于防治灰霉病多年，但异丙酮和顺虫酮分别于1980年和1981年首次登记用于昆士兰州的番茄作物。异丙地酮的使用特别密集，因为它适合用于防治目标斑疹（茄疫病），这是一种需要每周使用杀菌剂才能在Bundaberg地区得到良好控制的疾病。1984年，一些作物喷了15次这种杀菌剂。1985年早期的喷洒也很激烈，但对灰霉病的控制很差。1985年7月下旬访问了班达伯格区的7个作物，并收集了受灰霉菌影响的花和水果样本。从每个地点分离出7至9株菌株。其他收集的灰葡萄孢菌是由南伯尔和雷德兰湾地区的草莓制成的，在那里，二甲氧胺杀菌剂的使用受到限制。Pommer和Lorenz（1982）对灰葡萄球菌对二甲氧胺杀菌剂的抗性进行了综述，Beever和Brien（1983）调查了新西兰的这一问题。据信，以下结果证实了澳大利亚出现耐药性的初步迹象。
A severe outbreak of grey mould (Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.) occurred in tomato crops at Bundaberg during May-August 1985. Weather for much of the time was cool and showery providing favourable conditions for the disease. In addition, severe frost in June damaged the upper foliage which predisposed the plants to grey mould. Economic loss was due to flower blight and fruit infection with some crops yielding only one third of expected production. This epiphytotic occurred despite intensive fungicidal spray programmes using benomyl and the dicarboximide chemicals iprodione and procymidone. Although benomyl has been used to control grey mould for many years, iprodione and procymidone were first registered for use in Queensland tomato crops in 1980 and 1981 respectively. Use of iprodione has been particularly intense since it is suitable for use against target spot (Alternaria solani Sorauer), a disease which requires weekly applications of fungicide for good control in the Bundaberg district. During 1984, some crops received 15 sprays of this fungicide. Early in the 1985 season spraying was also intense but control of grey mould was poor. Seven crops in the Bundaberg district were visited in late July 1985 and samples of grey mould affected flowers and fruit were collected. Seven to nine isolates were made from each location. Other collections of Botrytis cinerea were made from strawberries in the Nambour and Redland Bay districts were the use of dicarboximide fungicides has been limited. A review of the resistance of B. cinerea to dicarboximide fungicides was documented by Pommer and Lorenz (1982) while Beever and Brien (1983) surveyed the problem in New Zealand. It is believed the results below confirm the first indications of resistance in Australia.