Central and Reflex Regulation of Sympathetic Vasoconstrictor Activity to Limb Muscles during Desynchronized Sleep in the Cat
Central and Reflex Regulation of Sympathetic Vasoconstrictor Activity to Limb Muscles during Desynchronized Sleep in the Cat
复制标题
猫不同步睡眠期间交感血管收缩活性对肢体肌肉的中枢和反射调节
作者：
G. Baccelli;R. Albertini;G. Mancia;A. Zanchetti
猫的非同步睡眠（DS）伴随着肌肉血管的长时间（强直性）收缩（电导率降低5-30%），在此基础上叠加了与快速眼球运动和身体抽搐同时发生的短时间（相位）血管收缩波。局部交感神经切除术后，强直性和相位性血管收缩均消失（导度增加5-10%）。强直性血管收缩也可以通过后肢去传入神经（从L5开始的双侧背根部分）或在L4处横断脊髓以将交感神经支配与来自后肢的传入输入分离来预防。这些手术不影响相性血管收缩。腰交感神经切除或后肢神经移行后，在与退行性椎体滑移相关的血压紧张性下降过程中，髂血流量减少的量与人工降低髂血压时观察到的压流关系预测的量（1-2 ml/min）完全一致。我们得出结论，强直性和阶段性血管收缩都是由交感神经放电引起的。然而，相位交感放电是由中央下行影响驱动的，而紧张性交感血管收缩则取决于源自肢体本身的反射影响。当强直性交感血管收缩被阻止时，肌肉血管在退行性椎体滑移中表现出自我调节行为。
Desynchronized sleep (DS) in the cat is accompanied by a long-lasting (tonic) constriction of muscle blood vessels (conductance decrease 5–30%), on which are superimposed short-lasting (phasic) vasoconstrictor waves that occur simultaneously with bursts of rapid eye movements and body twitches. Both the tonic and the phasic vasoconstrictions are abolished after regional sympathectomy (conductance increase 5–10%). Tonic vasoconstriction can also be prevented by hind-limb deafferentation (bilateral section of the dorsal roots from L5 down) or by transection of the spinal cord at L4 in such a way as to separate sympathetic innervation from afferent input from the hind limbs. These procedures do not affect the phasic vasoconstrictions. After lumbar sympathectomy or hind-limb deafferentation, iliac blood flow decreases during the tonic fall in blood pressure associated with DS by exactly the amount (1–2 ml/min) predicted by pressure flow relationships observed during artificial lowering of iliac blood pressure. We conclude that tonic and phasic vasoconstrictions are both due to sympathetic discharges. However, phasic sympathetic discharges are driven by central descending influences, and tonic sympathetic vasoconstriction depends on reflex influences originating from the limbs themselves. When tonic sympathetic vasoconstriction is prevented, muscle blood vessels exhibit autoregulatory behavior during DS.