Human's Consumption of Ecosystem Services and Ecological Debt in China
Human's Consumption of Ecosystem Services and Ecological Debt in China
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发表时间：
2013
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通讯作者：
Xie Gaodi;Cao Shuyan;Lu Chunxia;Xiao Yu
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作者：
Xie Gaodi;Cao Shuyan;Lu Chunxia;Xiao Yu
人类不计后果的消费正在耗尽世界的自然资本，以至于我们正在危及我们未来的繁荣。计算1980-2005年中国的生态足迹、生物生产能力和生态债务表明，中国的人均生物生产能力翻了一番，达到1.15 ghm2，但由于社会经济代谢特别是化石燃料对生态服务的需求增加，2005年中国的生态债务增加了1.02 ghm2。2005年，中国对生态服务或生态足迹的需求超过了地球再生能力的89%。在省级层面，中国85%的省份长期处于生态债务状态，目前只有海南、福建和西藏三个省处于生态盈余状态。由于生态服务供给与需求在空间、时间和构成结构维度上的矛盾，中国和大部分省份处于软生态赤字状态。这种类型的生态债务可以通过占用当前或未来的全球公地或通过国际或区域间贸易渠道购买隐藏的生态服务来减轻或消除。中国正在走向生态信贷紧缩，这是土地利用基础受到生物承载力和经济快速增长的自然约束的综合后果。在自然资本成为世界经济发展制约因素的背景下，中国认真树立科学发展观，采取多种有效措施扭转生态“信贷紧缩”，遏制生态破坏
Human's reckless consumption is depleting the world's natural capital to a point where we are endangering our future pros perity.Accounting ecological footprint,bio-productive capacity and ecological debt of China during 1980-2005 shows that Chi na has encountered an increased ecological debt with its value of 1.02 ghm2 in 2005 due to increased demand for ecological se rvice of socio-economic metabolism especially on fossil fuels though its bio-productive capacity per capita doubled to 1.15 gh m2.Demand for ecological service,or ecological footprint,in 2005 exceeded China's earth's regenerative capacity by 89%.At th e provincial level,85% of China's provinces have been in ecological debt in the long term and now only three provinces of Hai nan,Fujian and Xizang are in ecological surplus.China and most of its provinces are in soft ecological deficit due to the contrad ictions between ecological service supply and demand in spatial,temporal and components structural dimensions.Such a type e cological debt might be mitigated or eliminated by appropriating the current or future global commons or buying hidden ecolo gical service through international or interregional trade channel.China is heading for an ecological credit crunch as the integra ted consequence of its natural constraint of land use base to bio-capacity and rapid economic growth.Against the backdrop that natural capital has been among the limiting factors to world's economic development,China earnestly established the scientific development concept and implemented multiple effective activities to reverse ecological'credit crunch' and curb ecological rec