Desert Habitation History by 14C Dating of Soil Layers in Rural Building Structures (Negev, Israel): Preliminary Results from Horvat Haluqim
Desert Habitation History by 14C Dating of Soil Layers in Rural Building Structures (Negev, Israel): Preliminary Results from Horvat Haluqim
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农村建筑结构土层 14C 测年的沙漠居住历史（以色列内盖夫）：Horvat Haluqim 的初步结果
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发表时间：
2012
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通讯作者：
M. Haiman
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作者：
H. J. Bruins;J. van der Plicht;M. Haiman
内盖夫沙漠中部的传统考古方法是在后史前时期采用挖掘技术，其中地层学以建筑为基础，而物质文化则构成了年代评估和年表的基础。这种方法是可以理解的，因为它关注的是过去人类居住的最明显的遗迹。然而，详细的居住记录在土壤中，而不是在墙壁上。此外，沙漠文化中的陶瓷和石器通常在绝对年表方面具有有限的时间分辨率。内盖夫中部Horvat Haluqim乡村沙漠遗址用传统方法发现了两个居住时期：(1)罗马时期，公元2 - 3世纪；(2)铁器时代，公元前10世纪。我们在Horvat Haluqim进行了初步挖掘，挖掘了以前从未挖掘过的小型建筑遗迹。我们的挖掘方法侧重于对建筑结构中的考古土壤进行详细检查，结合加速器质谱（AMS）放射性碳定年法进行年代学研究，并对未受干扰的土壤样品进行微观形态学研究，以研究微观尺度上的地层和土壤含量。在这里，我们报告初步结果，集中在14C日期。这些表明，在铁器时代，该遗址的居住历史要长得多。到目前为止，从这些建筑遗址中获得的14C日期涵盖了铁器时代I， II， III和波斯时期。在一个矩形建筑结构（L100）中最古老的校准日期（烧焦的C4植物）是公元前1129-971年（60.5%，最高相对概率）。圆形建筑结构（L700）中最年轻的校准日期是公元前540-411年（57.9%，最高相对概率）。这种挖掘方法为观察内盖夫沙漠中过去的人类居住提供了额外的“眼睛”，与传统的方案和陶瓷年代测定相比，可以看到更多的时期和细节。
Traditional archaeological approaches in the central Negev Desert used to employ excavation techniques in post-prehistoric periods in which stratigraphy is based on architecture, while material culture forms the basis for dating assessment and chronology. Such an approach was understandable, as it focused on the most visible remains of past human habitation. However, the detailed habitation record is in the soil rather than in the walls. Moreover, ceramics and stone tools in desert cultures often have limited time resolution in terms of absolute chronology. The rural desert site of Horvat Haluqim in the central Negev yielded 2 habitation periods with the traditional methodology: (1) Roman period, 2nd–3rd centuries CE; (2) Iron Age IIA, 10th century BCE. We have conducted at Horvat Haluqim initial excavations in small building remains that were never excavated before. Our excavation methodology focuses on detailed examination of the archaeological soil in building structures, coupled with accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating for chronology, and micromorphology of undisturbed soil samples to study stratigraphy and soil contents at the microscopic scale. Here, we report preliminary results, concentrating on the 14C dates. These suggest a much longer habitation history at the site during the Iron Age. The 14C dates obtained so far from these building remains cover Iron Age I, II, III, and the Persian period. The oldest calibrated date (charred C4 plants) in a rectangular building structure (L100) is 1129–971 BCE (60.5%, highest relative probability). The youngest calibrated date in a round building structure (L700) is 540–411 BCE (57.9%, highest relative probability). This excavation methodology provides additional “eyes” to look at past human habitation in the Negev Desert, seeing more periods and more detail than was possible with traditional schemes and ceramic dating.