Public R&D Investments and Private-sector Patenting: Evidence from NIH Funding Rules
Public R&D Investments and Private-sector Patenting: Evidence from NIH Funding Rules
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DOI：
10.1093/restud/rdy034
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Sampat, Bhaven N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Azoulay, Pierre;Zivin, Joshua S. Graff;Sampat, Bhaven N.
我们量化了美国国立卫生研究院 (NIH) 的科学资助资金对制药和生物技术公司专利申请的影响。我们的文章有两个贡献。首先，我们使用新构建的文献计量数据来开发一种将特定拨款支出与私营部门创新灵活联系起来的方法。其次，我们利用 NIH 同行评审规则中特有的严格性，在各个研究领域的资助方面产生外生差异。我们的结果表明，NIH 的资金刺激了私营部门专利的发展：NIH 资金增加 1000 万美元，导致专利净增加 2.7 项。尽管评估专利价值很困难，但我们使用不同的方法报告了对这些专利的私人价值的一系列估计。
We quantify the impact of scientific grant funding at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) on patenting by pharmaceutical and biotechnology firms. Our article makes two contributions. First, we use newly constructed bibliometric data to develop a method for flexibly linking specific grant expenditures to private-sector innovations. Second, we take advantage of idiosyncratic rigidities in the rules governing NIH peer review to generate exogenous variation in funding across research areas. Our results show that NIH funding spurs the development of private-sector patents: a $10 million boost in NIH funding leads to a net increase of 2.7 patents. Though valuing patents is difficult, we report a range of estimates for the private value of these patents using different approaches.