A Gain-Controlled, Low-Leakage Dickson Charge Pump for Energy-Harvesting Applications
A Gain-Controlled, Low-Leakage Dickson Charge Pump for Energy-Harvesting Applications
复制标题
适用于能量收集应用的增益控制、低泄漏 Dickson 电荷泵
DOI：
10.1109/tvlsi.2019.2897046
复制
发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Mohammed Ismail
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abdulqader Mahmoud;Mohammad Alhawari;B. Mohammad;H. Saleh;Mohammed Ismail
本文提出了一种单级电源管理单元，用于提升和调节CMOS片上系统（SoC）应用的低电源电压。它由低泄漏、增强型迪克森电荷泵（DCP）组成，利用级调制和调频（FM）技术实现高效率和低面积。此外，所提出的设计采用了增强型的电荷泵级开关结构，显著减少了跨级泄漏。级数控制器用于根据所需输出电压改变级数来控制电荷泵的增益。利用调频通过基于预定参考电压的闭环控制进一步微调输出电压。采用65纳米CMOS技术的四级电荷泵的硅测量结果表明，在输入电压为0.7 V时，端到端效率最高为66%，输出功率为<inline-formula> < text -math notation="LaTeX">$27~\mu \text{W}$ </ text -math></inline-formula>。与传统DCP相比，所提出的设计实现了超过<inline-formula> < text -math符号="LaTeX">$100\倍的$ </ text -math></inline-formula>的泄漏减少。系统支持0.1 ~ <inline-formula> < text -math notation="LaTeX">$34~\mu \text{a}$ </ text -math></inline-formula>的负载电流范围，最大工作频率为1.8 MHz。所提出的系统支持0.55-0.7 V的输入电压范围，这使其成为针对低功耗物联网SOC的太阳能和热能收集应用的优秀候选者。
This paper presents a single-stage power management unit to boost and regulate a low supply voltage for CMOS system-on-chip (SoC) applications. It consists of low-leakage, enhanced Dickson charge pump (DCP) that utilizes both stage and frequency modulation (FM) techniques to achieve high efficiency and lower area. In addition, the proposed design uses an enhanced stage-switch structure for the charge pump, which significantly reduces the cross-stage leakage. A stage number controller is used to control the gain of the charge pump by changing the number of stages based on the desired output voltage. FM is utilized to further fine-tune the output voltage through a closed-loop control based on a predetermined reference voltage. Silicon measurement results for the four-stage charge pump in 65-nm CMOS technology show a maximum end-to-end efficiency of 66% at an input voltage of 0.7 V and an output power of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$27~\mu \text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The proposed design achieved more than a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$100\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> reduction in leakage compared to traditional DCP. The system supports a range of load currents between 0.1 and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$34~\mu \text{A}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with a maximum operating frequency of 1.8 MHz. The proposed system supports an input voltage range of 0.55–0.7 V which makes it an excellent candidate for solar and thermal energy-harvesting applications targeting low-power internet-of-things SOC.