Soil erosion potential of organic versus conventional farming evaluated by USLE modelling of cropping statistics for agricultural districts in Bavaria
Soil erosion potential of organic versus conventional farming evaluated by USLE modelling of cropping statistics for agricultural districts in Bavaria
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DOI：
10.1079/sum2003212
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发表时间：
2003-12-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Fiener, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Auerswald, K;Kainz, M;Fiener, P
有机农业（OA）旨在确定一种比传统农业（CA）造成更少环境问题的生产制度。我们研究了这两个系统对水土流失的敏感性是否不同。为了解释不同农场轮作中存在的巨大异质性，我们选择了一种统计评估，该评估使用 USLE 方法对巴伐利亚 2056 个地区（70547 km(2)；29.8% 可耕地）的种植统计数据进行侵蚀建模。侵蚀的物理条件是在一个矩形网格中确定的，该网格产生 13 125 个 c 网格单元。每条5公里2。为了进行验证，我们测量了 8 年来两个邻近 OA 和 CA 农场的 10 个子流域的侵蚀情况（287 次侵蚀事件）。平均而言，由于地粒面积较大，预计 OA 的耕地侵蚀比 CA 减少约 15%，尽管 OA 比 CA 更容易占据易受侵蚀的区域。从验证数据中可以得出相同的结论。这些数据还表明，采用两种耕作系统下的最佳管理实践，侵蚀量可以大大减少到 1 t ha(-1) yr(-1) 以下。相比之下，在全国范围内，耕作并没有充分改变，立地条件有利于侵蚀。侵蚀控制的需要似乎不会影响易受侵蚀地点的作物轮作决策。
Organic agriculture (OA) aims to identify a production regime that causes less environmental problems than conventional agriculture (CA). We examined whether the two systems differ in their susceptibility to soil erosion by water. To account for the large heterogeneity within the rotations practised on different farms, we chose a statistical evaluation which modelled erosion using the USLE method from the cropping statistics for 2056 districts in Bavaria (70547 km(2); 29.8% arable). Physical conditions of erosion were determined in a rectangular grid yielding 13 125 grid-cells of c. 5 km 2 each. For validation, erosion was measured in 10 sub-watersheds on two neighbouring OA and CA farms over 8 years (287 erosive events). On average, about 15% less erosion on arable land was predicted for OA than for CA due to the larger area of leys, although OA occupies areas that are susceptible to erosion more often than CA. The same conclusions could be drawn from the validation data. These data also demonstrated that erosion could be reduced considerably below 1 t ha(-1) yr(-1) with best management practices under both farming systems. In contrast, at the countrywide scale, cropping did not change adequately with site conditions favouring erosion. The need for erosion control seems not to influence crop rotation decisions on erosion-prone sites.