Cohesin dependent compaction of mitotic chromosomes

Cohesin dependent compaction of mitotic chromosomes
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有丝分裂染色体的粘连蛋白依赖性压缩

DOI:
10.1101/094946
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发表时间:
2016
期刊:
--
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Schalbetter S
Schalbetter S
中科院分区:
--
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作者:
Schalbetter S

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染色体结构维持 (SMC) 蛋白复合物是染色体构象的关键决定因素。使用 Hi-C 和聚合物模型,我们研究了粘连蛋白和凝缩蛋白(两种深度保守的 SMC 复合物)如何组织芽殖酵母中的染色体。粘连蛋白的典型作用是共同排列姐妹染色单体,而凝缩蛋白通常压缩有丝分裂染色体。我们发现芽殖酵母有丝分裂中的作用截然不同。首先,粘连蛋白负责压缩有丝分裂染色体臂,独立于其在姐妹染色单体粘连中的作用,并且除了其在姐妹染色单体粘连中的作用之外。粘连蛋白依赖性有丝分裂染色体压缩可以通过环挤出的染色质顺式环化来充分解释。其次,凝缩蛋白对于沿着染色体臂的压缩来说是可有可无的,而是发挥着特殊的作用,构建 rDNA 和着丝粒周围区域。我们的结果表明,SMC 复合物的保守机制是形成染色质环,并且 SMC 依赖性环很容易在一系列环境中部署以功能性地组织染色体。亮点粘连蛋白独立于姐妹染色单体内聚力压缩有丝分裂染色体。通过环挤出形成顺式环完全解释了粘连蛋白介导的压缩。 酵母染色体臂的有丝分裂染色体压缩Condensin 在酵母的着丝粒和 rDNA 中具有集中的前期前期作用
Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes (SMC) protein complexes are key determinants of chromosome conformation. Using Hi-C and polymer modelling, we study how cohesin and condensin, two deeply-conserved SMC complexes, organize chromosomes in budding yeast. The canonical role of cohesins is to co-align sister chromatids whilst condensins generally compact mitotic chromosomes. We find strikingly different roles in budding yeast mitosis. First, cohesin is responsible for compacting mitotic chromosomes arms, independent of and in addition to its role in sister-chromatid cohesion. Cohesin dependent mitotic chromosome compaction can be fully accounted for throughcis-looping of chromatin by loop extrusion. Second, condensin is dispensable for compaction along chromosomal arms and instead plays a specialized role, structuring rDNA and peri-centromeric regions. Our results argue that the conserved mechanism of SMC complexes is to form chromatin loops and that SMC-dependent looping is readily deployed in a range of contexts to functionally organize chromosomes.HighlightsCohesin compacts mitotic chromosomes independently of sister chromatid cohesion.Formation ofcis-loops by loop extrusion fully accounts for cohesin-mediated compaction.Condensin is not required for mitotic chromosome compaction of yeast chromosome armsCondensin has a focused pre-anaphase role at centromeres and rDNA in yeast
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