A sex-specific behavioral syndrome in a wild passerine
A sex-specific behavioral syndrome in a wild passerine
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DOI：
10.1093/beheco/aru008
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发表时间：
2014-03-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Brommer, Jon E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fresneau, Nolwenn;Kluen, Edward;Brommer, Jon E.
积极保护自己的蓝山雀雌性在保护后代时是被动的，但这种关系在雄性则相反。我们的发现表明，两性对自己和年轻一代的评价不同，可能是因为他们具有不同的生殖角色。行为特征(一种行为综合征)的共同变异方向在男性和女性中通常是相同的，尽管生活史上的两性差异可能导致综合征结构的两性异质性。我们调查了行为综合症在两性中是否相同。我们记录了野生蓝山雀巢防御的两个指标：1)雌性在其卵孵化前后的巢防御(孵化防御)，2)雌雄双亲在其后代16日龄时的巢防御(雏鸟防御)，以及3)处理攻击。我们使用了2007-2012年间收集的392名女性和363名男性的重复记录，采用分层混合模型来分离个体间和残差(协方差)。我们发现1)孵化防御不能在繁殖季节重复(但在几年内高度重复)。2)雏鸟防御强度在雌雄之间具有38%的可重复性。3)与我们的预期相反，保护雏鸟的雌性在被处理时攻击性较弱(个体间呈负相关)，但在雄性中，筑巢防御和处理攻击行为显示出个体间的正相关，尽管不显著。这些相关性在表型水平上被低残留相关性完全掩盖。因此，个体可能会在不同的环境中表现出可重复的和相关的攻击行为，但这种综合征的方向可能因性别而异。动物个性和综合征结构中的两性异质性仍然知之甚少，因此我们的发现敦促未来的工作明确考虑这种异质性。
Blue tit females that defend themselves aggressively are passive when they defend offspring, but this relationship is opposite in males. Our findings imply that the 2 sexes differentially value themselves versus their young possibly because of the different reproductive roles they have.The direction of covariation in behavioral traits (a behavioral syndrome) is typically the same in males and females, although intersexual differences in life history could lead to intersexual heterogeneity in syndrome structure. We explored whether a behavioral syndrome was the same in both sexes. We recorded 2 metrics of nest defense in wild blue tits Cyanistes caeruleus: 1) Nest defense of a female around the time her eggs hatch (hatching defense), 2) nest defense of the male and female parent when their offspring was 16 days old (nestling defense), and 3) handling aggression. We used repeated records of these behaviors collected on 392 females and 363 males during 2007-2012 in a hierarchical mixed model to separate the between-individual from the residual (co)variances. We find that 1) hatching defense is not repeatable across breeding seasons (but highly repeatable within years). 2) Nestling defense intensity is 38% repeatable in males and females. 3) Contrary to our expectation, females that defended their nestlings more intensively were less aggressive when being handled (negative between-individual correlation), but 4) nestling defense and handling aggression showed a positive between-individual correlation in males although nonsignificantly. These correlations were completely masked on the phenotypic level by a low residual correlation. Individuals may hence display repeatable and correlated aggressive behavior in different contexts, but the direction of this syndrome may differ between the sexes. Intersexual heterogeneity in animal personality and syndrome structure remains poorly understood, and our findings hence urge future work to explicitly consider this heterogeneity.