Creating patches of native flowers facilitates crop pollination in large agricultural fields: mango as a case study
Creating patches of native flowers facilitates crop pollination in large agricultural fields: mango as a case study
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2664.2012.02217.x
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发表时间：
2012-12-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Veldtman, Ruan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carvalheiro, Luisa G.;Seymour, Colleen L.;Veldtman, Ruan
随着农田面积的增加，农田逐渐与传粉媒介隔绝，导致依赖传粉媒介的作物生产力下降。随着对依赖传粉媒介的食物需求的增加，这种生产力损失可能会加速自然地区向耕地的转变。授粉补偿措施涉及管理授粉者或人工授粉并不总是最佳的，或者成本太高。有人提议在农田内种植本地植被，作为补充作物授粉者的一种方式，但农民认为这一措施对农业生产的成本大于收益。因此，有必要进行研究，量化小块本地花卉对作物授粉的好处，以鼓励这种做法。为了确定是否在农田内提供花卉资源可以促进授粉，因此，作物产量，多年生原生植物（本地花补偿区，NFCAs）的小实验补丁创建在非生产性领域的大型商业领域的几个品种的芒果芒果。杀虫剂的使用和与自然栖息地的隔离与飞行游客和芒果产量（公斤可销售的新鲜水果）下降有关，但NFCAs的存在改善了这些下降，NFCAs没有窝藏任何芒果害虫。在远离自然植被的地区，NFCAs附近的果园有显着更高的多样性和丰富的芒果飞行游客，以及芒果生产，比远离NFCAs的果园，虽然这些措施仍然低于靠近自然区的果园。无论是最丰富的花游客芒果（蚂蚁），也不是最初的坐果显着影响的距离，农药或NFCAs，这表明，虽然受精与不受自然栖息地和农药使用（即自我和蚂蚁授粉）隔离的因素，可行的坐果（并最终，生产）需要异花授粉，其中飞行的游客是必不可少的。合成与应用。我们的研究结果表明，在大型农场内的本地花卉的小补丁的存在可以增加依赖于传粉者的作物产量，如果与保护剩余的片段的自然栖息地和明智地使用农药相结合。原生花卉补偿区是农民的一项有利可图的管理措施，提高了农田的成本效益，同时间接有助于保护自然生境。
As cropland increases, fields become progressively isolated from pollinators, leading to declines in pollinator-dependent crop productivity. With the rise in demand for pollinator-dependent foods, such productivity losses may accelerate conversion of natural areas to cropland. Pollinationcompensation measures involving managed pollinators or hand pollination are not always optimal or are too costly. Introducing areas of native vegetation within cropland has been proposed as a way to supplement crop pollinators, but this measure is perceived by farmers to carry costs outweighing benefits to agricultural production. Studies quantifying benefits of small patches of native flowers to crop pollination are therefore necessary to encourage such practices. To ascertain whether provision of floral resources within farmlands can facilitate pollination, and hence, crop yields, small experimental patches of perennial native plants (native flower compensation areas, NFCAs) were created in nonproductive areas of large commercial fields of several cultivars of mango Mangifera indica. Pesticide use and isolation from natural habitat were associated with declines in flying visitors and in mango production (kg of marketable fresh fruit), but presence of NFCAs ameliorated these declines, and NFCAs did not harbour any mango pests. In areas far from natural vegetation, orchards near NFCAs had significantly higher diversity and abundance of mango flying visitors, as well as mango production, than orchards far from NFCAs, although these measures were still lower than in orchards close to natural areas. Neither the most abundant flower visitors to mango (ants) nor initial fruit set was significantly affected by distance, pesticides or NFCAs, suggesting that although fertilization is associated with factors unaffected by isolation from natural habitat and pesticide use (i.e. self- and ant-pollination), viable fruit set (and ultimately, production) requires cross-pollination, for which flying visitors are essential. Synthesis and applications. Our results show that the presence of small patches of native flowers within large farms can increase pollinator-dependent crop production if combined with preservation of remaining fragments of natural habitat and judicious use of pesticides. Native flower compensation areas represent a profitable management measure for farmers, increasing cost-effectiveness of cropland while indirectly contributing to preservation of natural habitat.