Formation of dome-in-dome structures: Results from experimental studies and comparison with natural examples

Formation of dome-in-dome structures: Results from experimental studies and comparison with natural examples
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圆顶结构的形成:实验研究结果以及与自然实例的比较

DOI:
10.1016/j.jsg.2018.11.008
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
3.1
通讯作者:
Hattingen
Hattingen
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zulauf;Zulauf;Thiessen;Hattingen

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穹隆中穹隆构造在盐区和造山带的高级岩石中是常见的。它们的起源知之甚少。在本研究中,我们模拟了圆顶中圆顶结构,这是由于压缩(径向)在平面内缩短的主管层嵌入在一个上升的主管矩阵。该层和基质均由非线性粘性橡皮泥组成,其显示粘度对比度为5。变形能力层的特征是:(1)沿边缘沿着明显的向下拖曳,(2)样品尺度的一级穹隆,(3)大量的二级穹隆和跨在一级穹隆上的盆地。随着层厚和应变的增加,二阶穹隆和盆地的振幅A、弧长L和波长λ均增大。然而,它们的增长率明显小于不上升的圆顶和盆地,这是双向流动的结果。这种限制增长的上升圆顶和盆地是由于同时增长的一阶圆顶,并解释了,为什么发夹型褶皱-典型的非上升圆顶和盆地-缺乏,即使在较高的有限应变。类似的圆顶中圆顶结构,如本研究中产生的已被描述从更深层次的盐和片麻岩圆顶或从叶理三重点的干扰底辟。
Dome-in-dome structures are frequent in salt provinces and in high-grade rocks of orogens. Their origin is only poorly understood. In the present study we have modelled dome-in-dome structures, which result from constrictional (radial) in-plane shortening of a competent layer embedded in a rising less competent matrix. Both the layer and the matrix consist of non-linear viscous plasticine, which display a viscosity contrast of 5. The deforming competent layer is characterized by (1) a striking downward drag along the margins, (2) a sample-scale first-order dome, and (3) numerous second-order domes and basins straddling the first-order dome. With increasing layer thickness and strain, the amplitude,A, arc-length,L, and wavelength,λ, of the second-order domes and basins increase. However, their growth rate is significantly smaller than that of non-rising domes and basins, which result from a bidirectional flow. This restricted growth of rising domes and basins is attributed to the simultaneous growth of the first-order dome, and explains, why hair-pin type folds – typical for non-rising domes and basins - are lacking, even at higher finite strain.Similar dome-in-dome structures like those produced in the present study have been described from deeper levels of salt and gneiss domes or from foliation triple points of interfering diapirs.
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