The electronic nose technology in clinical diagnosis: A systematic review.
The electronic nose technology in clinical diagnosis: A systematic review.
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DOI：
10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000042
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发表时间：
2019-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Moreira, Andre
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Farraia, Mariana Valente;Cavaleiro Rufo, Joao;Moreira, Andre
背景：挥发性有机化合物（VOC）是人体新陈代谢（正常和疾病相关）的最终产物，主要通过呼吸、尿液和粪便排出。因此，VOC 作为疾病标志物非常有用，并且对临床医生很有帮助，因为它的采样是无创、廉价且无痛的。电子鼻或 eNoses 提供了一种简单且廉价的气体样本分析方法。因此，该设备可用于根据特定呼吸纹（呼吸轮廓）来诊断、监测或表型疾病。 目的：在本次综述中，我们总结了数据，显示 eNose 能够用作非侵入性工具，以改善临床环境中的诊断。 方法：在 PubMed 和 Cochrane 图书馆中进行了面向 PRISMA 的搜索。仅纳入 2000 年以来在人体中进行的研究。结果：共有 48 篇原创文章、21 篇评论和 7 篇其他文档符合条件并进行了全面分析。所选研究的质量评估是根据诊断准确性报告标准进行的。气道阻塞性疾病是研究最多的，而 Cyranose 320 是使用最多的 eNose。结论：进行了几项病例对照研究以在不同领域测试该技术。超过一半的选定研究显示出良好的准确性。然而，采样方法、分析、再现性和外部验证存在一些限制，需要标准化。此外，迫切需要在意向治疗人群中测试这项技术。因此，可以考虑 eNoses 在临床环境中对 VOC 分析的贡献。
BACKGROUND: Volatile organic compounds (VOC) are end products of human metabolism (normal and disease-associated) that can be mainly excreted in breath, urine, and feces. Therefore, VOC can be very useful as markers of diseases and helpful for clinicians since its sampling is noninvasive, inexpensive, and painless. Electronic noses, or eNoses, provide an easy and inexpensive way to analyze gas samples. Thus, this device may be used for diagnosis, monitoring or phenotyping diseases according to specific breathprints (breath profile).OBJECTIVE: In this review, we summarize data showing the ability of eNose to be used as a noninvasive tool to improve diagnosis in clinical settings.METHODS: A PRISMA-oriented search was performed in PubMed and Cochrane Library. Only studies performed in humans and published since 2000 were included.RESULTS: A total of 48 original articles, 21 reviews, and 7 other documents were eligible and fully analyzed. The quality assessment of the selected studies was conducted according to the Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy. Airway obstructive diseases were the most studied and Cyranose 320 was the most used eNose.CONCLUSIONS: Several case-control studies were performed to test this technology in diverse fields. More than a half of the selected studies showed good accuracy. However, there are some limitations regarding sampling methodology, analysis, reproducibility, and external validation that need to be standardized. Additionally, it is urgent to test this technology in intend-to-treat populations. Thus, it is possible to think in the contribution of VOC analysis by eNoses in a clinical setting.