Post-weaning migration of northern fur seal Callorhinus ursinus pups from the Pribilof Islands, Alaska
Post-weaning migration of northern fur seal Callorhinus ursinus pups from the Pribilof Islands, Alaska
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DOI：
10.3354/meps341243
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Baker, Jason D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baker, Jason D.
利用1996年11月和1997年11月部署的卫星潜水记录器，对白令海东部普里比洛夫群岛的北方毛海豹幼崽断奶后的迁徙进行了调查，跟踪持续时间长达6mo以上。在12月初突然离开迁徙之前，幼崽并没有离开它们出生的岛屿很远。经过17天的中值旅行时间后，大多数幼崽通过了阿留申群岛的各种山口，尽管有3只动物至少在1月底之前一直留在白令海。离开白令海的幼崽随后散布到北太平洋从阿留申中部到阿拉斯加湾约2500公里宽、北纬60度至45度约1000公里的广阔区域。大多数幼崽仍留在近海远洋区域；然而，3只幼崽也在大陆架水域逗留了一段时间。虽然迁徙幼崽使用的空间分散度和栖息地有很大差异，但它们的潜水行为非常一致。所有迁徙的幼崽大多在夜间、晚上和早上潜水，但几乎不再在白天潜水，这表明它们在白天觅食垂直迁徙的猎物，而这些猎物在白天是无法获得或代价太高的。潜水通常很浅，时间很短；77次潜水深度不到10米，81%的潜水时间不到1分钟。广泛的分散为不同的生存提供了一种潜在的选择机制，因为这些幼稚的觅食者第一次迁徙时在海洋生境中的收益(食物可获得性)和风险(风暴、捕食，以及潜在的渔业相互作用)可能有很大的差异。
The post-weaning migration of northern fur seal Callorhinus ursinus pups from the Pribilof Islands in the eastern Bering Sea was investigated using satellite-linked dive recorders deployed in November 1996 and 1997, with tracking duration ranging up to more than 6 mo. Prior to abruptly departing on the migration by early December, pups did not stray far from their natal islands. After a median travel time of 17 d, most pups transited various Aleutian Island passes, though 3 animals remained in the Bering Sea until at least late January. Pups that left the Bering Sea subsequently dispersed into a vast area of the North Pacific some 2500 km wide from the central Aleutians to the Gulf of Alaska and 1000 km from 60 to 45 degrees N. Most pups remained in offshore pelagic areas; however, 3 individuals also spent time over continental shelf waters. While the spatial dispersion and habitats used by migrating pups varied considerably, their diving behavior was remarkably consistent. All migrating pups dove largely during the night, and during evening and morning hours, but practically ceased diving during the day, suggesting they foraged on vertically migrating prey that is unattainable or too costly to reach during daytime. Dives were typically shallow and brief; 77 reached depths less than 10 m, and 81 % lasted less than 1 min. Wide dispersal presents a potential selective mechanism for differential survival, in that benefits (food availability) and risks (storms, predation, and, potentially, fishery interactions) likely vary considerably across the oceanic habitats occupied by these naive foragers on their first migration.