Frontier Encounters: Knowledge and Practice at the Russian, Chinese and Mongolian Border
Frontier Encounters: Knowledge and Practice at the Russian, Chinese and Mongolian Border
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边境遭遇：俄罗斯、中国和蒙古边境的知识与实践
DOI：
10.11647/obp.0026.02
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Billé F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Billé F
1949年解放和建立共产党政府后，中国着手解决与邻国的许多边界争端。1960年至1963年，中国解决了与朝鲜、蒙古、缅甸、尼泊尔、巴基斯坦和阿富汗的领土争端。最近，一些其他边界争端得到解决，特别是与前苏联领土的争端。1991年，中国签署了《中苏边界协定》，结束了与俄罗斯的长期领土争端，并于2004年10月达成最终协议（Foucher 2007：33）。过去二十年来，还与毗邻中国的中亚国家签署了划界协定，即1996年与吉尔吉斯斯坦、1994年与哈萨克斯坦、1999年与塔吉克斯坦签署了划界协定（Pan 2009：95）。如果说在其中的几个协议中，中国经常展示其政治实力--在这一过程中声称塔吉克、哈萨克和吉尔吉斯的重要领土属于中国--这些划界努力也表明了中国愿意搁置悬而未决的争端，并与邻国实现边界关系正常化。事实上，如果边界正常化对边境贸易的发展至关重要，因此在经济上有利（Simmons 2005：842 - 843），中国参与领土决议明确表明她希望将自己描绘成睦邻友好的国家（Lukin 2009，Tang，Li and Acharya 2009）。正如傅瑞威尔所指出的，“中国的妥协往往是实质性的，因为它通常愿意接受不到
Following Liberation and the installation of a communist government in 1949, China set out to resolve numerous border disputes with neighbouring countries. Between 1960 and 1963, China settled outstanding territorial disagreements with North Korea, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan and Afghanistan. A number of other border disputes have been resolved more recently, particularly with territories formerly included in the Soviet Union. In 1991, China signed the Sino-Soviet Border Agreement, which brought to an end longstanding territorial disputes with Russia and led to a final agreement in October 2004 (Foucher 2007: 33). Delimitation agreements have also been signed over the last two decades with Central Asian countries adjacent to China, namely with Kyrgyzstan in 1996, Kazakhstan in 1994 and Tajikistan in 1999 (Pan 2009: 95). If in several of these agreements China frequently flexed her political muscles–claiming as hers significant areas of Tajik, Kazakh and Kyrgyz territory in the process–these demarcation efforts also index a willingness to put to rest outstanding disputes and to normalise border relations with her neighbours. Indeed, if normalisation of borders is essential to the development of border trade, and therefore financially advantageous (Simmons 2005: 842‒43), China’s participation in territorial resolutions clearly signals her desire to portray herself as good-neighbourly (Lukin 2009, Tang, Li and Acharya 2009). As Fravel notes,“China’s compromises have often been substantial, as it has usually offered to accept less than