The Effect of Pelagic Longline Fishing on Laysan and Black-footed Albatross Diets
The Effect of Pelagic Longline Fishing on Laysan and Black-footed Albatross Diets
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远洋延绳钓对黑脚信天翁和黑脚信天翁饮食的影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Bisson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Duffy;J. Bisson
信天翁以其超大的活动范围而闻名。特别是Laysan（Phoebastria immutabilis）和黑脚信天翁（P. nigripes），它们需要从夏威夷北部的繁殖地到阿留申群岛或北美西海岸进行长途旅行（Hyrenbach等人，2002年）。它们寿命长，每年只能养一只小鸡（Rice和Kenyan，1962年）。人口分散在横跨北太平洋从日本到墨西哥的小岛上（McDermond和Morgan，1993年;皮特曼，1988年）。在非繁殖期留在海上，Laysan和黑脚信天翁遍布北太平洋，尽管黑脚信天翁通常在东太平洋更为突出（Gould和Piatt 1993）。尽管海洋广阔，信天翁是渔船的常客。它们来吃鱼饵、内脏、丢弃物和漂浮的渔获物。信天翁试图从鱼钩上偷取鱼饵，有时会被抓住淹死。可以理解的是，大多数以前的海鸟-渔业相互作用的研究集中在估计或减少副渔获物。然而，一旦渔民采用减少副渔获物的方法，信天翁仍然会找到并利用渔船进行清除。因此，中上层延绳钓捕鱼可能会继续影响信天翁，改变它们的饮食和社区联系。Laysan信天翁和黑脚信天翁对中上层延绳钓渔业食腐的性质和程度以前没有讨论过。关于Laysan信天翁和Blackfooted信天翁的营养动态受到清除性公海流网影响的研究结果，引起了人们对中上层延绳钓捕捞可能影响信天翁的兴趣（Gould等人，1997年）。我们解决了这个问题的调查模式出席Laysan和黑脚信天翁在夏威夷延绳钓渔船针对金枪鱼和箭鱼（Xiphius gladius），掠夺模式，延绳钓相关信天翁的饮食和营养关系。
Albatrosses are known for extraordinarily large home ranges. Laysan (Phoebastria immutabilis) and Black-footed albatrosses (P. nigripes) in particular take extended trips from breeding colonies in Hawai‘i north to the Aleutians or to the west coast of North America (Hyrenbach et al. 2002). They are long-lived and can only raise one chick per year (Rice and Kenyan 1962). Populations are scattered on small islands stretching across the North Pacific from Japan to Mexico (McDermond and Morgan 1993; Pitman 1988). Remaining at sea during periods of non-breeding, Laysan and Black-footed albatrosses range throughout the North Pacific, though Black-footed Albatrosses generally are more prominent in the Eastern Pacific (Gould and Piatt 1993). Despite vast expanses of ocean, albatrosses are regular visitors to fishing vessels. They come to feed on bait, offal, discards and floating catch. Albatrosses, attempting to steal bait off hooks, sometimes get caught and drown. Understandably, most previous seabird-fishery interaction research has focused on estimating or reducing bycatch. However, once bycatch reducing methods are adopted by fisherman, albatrosses will still find and utilize fishing vessels for scavenging. Hence, pelagic longline fishing may continue to affect albatrosses by altering their diet and community associations. The nature and extent of pelagic longline fishery scavenging by Laysan and Black-footed albatrosses have not been addressed previously. Findings that the trophic dynamics of Laysan and Blackfooted albatrosses were affected by scavenging high seas drift nets prompted interest about the potential for pelagic longline fishing to affect albatrosses (Gould et al. 1997). We addressed this issue by investigating patterns of attendance by Laysan and Black-footed albatrosses at Hawai‘i longline fishing vessels targeting tuna and swordfish (Xiphius gladius), depredation patterns, and diet and trophic relations of longline associated albatrosses.