Implementation Mapping: Using Intervention Mapping to Develop Implementation Strategies
Implementation Mapping: Using Intervention Mapping to Develop Implementation Strategies
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DOI：
10.3389/fpubh.2019.00158
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发表时间：
2019-06-18
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Kok, Gerjo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fernandez, Maria E.;ten Hoor, Gill A.;Kok, Gerjo
背景：卫生创新的最终影响不仅取决于其有效性，还取决于其在人口中的覆盖范围以及其高度完整性和保真度的实施程度。实施科学已经成为解决无法将研究证据转化为有效实践和政策的潜在解决方案，这在许多领域都很明显。实施科学家开发了许多框架、理论和模型，描述了实施的决定因素、过程或结果；然而，关于这些如何为制定或选择实施战略（用于改进干预措施的采用、实施、维持和扩大规模的方法或技术）提供信息的指导很少（1,2）。为了推动实施科学领域的发展，并提供一个实用的工具来应用该领域的知识，我们描述了一个规划或选择实施策略的系统过程：实施映射。方法：实施制图是基于干预制图（一种指导多层次健康促进干预措施和实施战略设计的六步协议），并扩展了干预制图第5步。它包括来自实施科学领域和干预映射的见解。实施映射包括五个任务：(1)进行实施需求评估，确定项目采用者和实施者；(2)说明采用和实施结果和绩效目标，确定决定因素，并创建变革目标矩阵；(3)选择理论方法（变革机制），选择或设计实施策略；(4)制定实施方案和实施材料；(5)评估实施结果。任务是迭代的，计划人员在整个过程中循环回到前面的步骤，以确保处理所有采用者和实现者、结果、决定因素和目标。讨论：实施制图为制定战略提供了一个系统的过程，以改进现实环境中基于证据的干预措施的采用、实施和维护。
Background: The ultimate impact of a health innovation depends not only on its effectiveness but also on its reach in the population and the extent to which it is implemented with high levels of completeness and fidelity. Implementation science has emerged as the potential solution to the failure to translate evidence from research into effective practice and policy evident in many fields. Implementation scientists have developed many frameworks, theories and models, which describe implementation determinants, processes, or outcomes; yet, there is little guidance about how these can inform the development or selection of implementation strategies (methods or techniques used to improve adoption, implementation, sustainment, and scale-up of interventions) (1, 2). To move the implementation science field forward and to provide a practical tool to apply the knowledge in this field, we describe a systematic process for planning or selecting implementation strategies: Implementation Mapping.Methods: Implementation Mapping is based on Intervention Mapping (a six-step protocol that guides the design of multi-level health promotion interventions and implementation strategies) and expands on Intervention Mapping step 5. It includes insights from both the implementation science field and Intervention Mapping. Implementation Mapping involves five tasks: (1) conduct an implementation needs assessment and identify program adopters and implementers; (2) state adoption and implementation outcomes and performance objectives, identify determinants, and create matrices of change objectives; (3) choose theoretical methods (mechanisms of change) and select or design implementation strategies; (4) produce implementation protocols and materials; and (5) evaluate implementation outcomes. The tasks are iterative with the planner circling back to previous steps throughout this process to ensure all adopters and implementers, outcomes, determinants, and objectives are addressed.Discussion: Implementation Mapping provides a systematic process for developing strategies to improve the adoption, implementation, and maintenance of evidence-based interventions in real-world settings.