The decision to move: response times, neuronal circuits and sensory memory in a simple vertebrate.
The decision to move: response times, neuronal circuits and sensory memory in a simple vertebrate.
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移动的决定：简单脊椎动物的反应时间、神经元回路和感觉记忆。
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2019.0297
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Roberts A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Roberts A
所有动物都使用感觉系统来监测外部事件，并必须决定是否移动。与反射和快速逃脱动作相比，反应时间较长且变化多端。成年脊椎动物大脑的复杂性使得追踪基本移动决策背后的神经元回路变得困难。为了简化问题，我们研究了刚孵化的青蛙蝌蚪的神经系统和反应，当皮肤受到刺激时，它们会游泳。研究从感觉神经元到做出游泳决定的后脑神经元的神经元通路，发现了两条产生兴奋的简单通路，这些通路总和达到这些神经元启动游泳的阈值。直接途径会导致短暂而可靠的延迟，例如逃避反应。另一个包括一组感觉处理神经元，它们延长放电时间以引入噪音并延迟反应。这些神经元提供对刺激的简短感觉记忆，使蝌蚪能够整合在一秒左右内发生的刺激。我们将这些发现与其他研究联系起来，并得出结论，感觉记忆对简单的决策做出了根本性的贡献，并且在发育的早期阶段就存在于基础脊椎动物的脑干中。
All animals use sensory systems to monitor external events and have to decide whether to move. Response times are long and variable compared to reflexes, and fast escape movements. The complexity of adult vertebrate brains makes it difficult to trace the neuronal circuits underlying basic decisions to move. To simplify the problem, we investigate the nervous system and responses of hatchling frog tadpoles which swim when their skin is stimulated. Studying the neuron-by-neuron pathway from sensory to hindbrain neurons, where the decision to swim is made, has revealed two simple pathways generating excitation which sums to threshold in these neurons to initiate swimming. The direct pathway leads to short, and reliable delays like an escape response. The other includes a population of sensory processing neurons which extend firing to introduce noise and delay into responses. These neurons provide a brief, sensory memory of the stimulus, that allows tadpoles to integrate stimuli occurring within a second or so of each other. We relate these findings to other studies and conclude that sensory memory makes a fundamental contribution to simple decisions and is present in the brainstem of a basic vertebrate at a surprisingly early stage in development.