The limits of color awareness during active, real-world vision
The limits of color awareness during active, real-world vision
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1922294117
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发表时间：
2020-06-16
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Robertson, Caroline E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cohen, Michael A.;Botch, Thomas L.;Robertson, Caroline E.
色彩点燃视觉体验，让世界充满意义、情感和丰富性。观察者一睁开眼睛，就会立即感受到丰富、多彩的体验，涵盖了他们的整个视觉世界。在这里，我们表明这种印象是惊人的不准确。我们使用头戴式虚拟现实 (VR) 将观察者置于身临其境的动态现实世界环境中，他们通过扫视和头部转动自然地探索环境。与此同时，我们通过耳机眼动追踪来监测他们的目光，然后系统地改变视觉环境，使得只有他们所看到的场景部分以颜色呈现，而场景的其余部分（即视觉外围）则完全去饱和。我们发现观察者通常完全没有意识到他们的视觉世界发生了这些巨大的变化。在最极端的情况下，当少于 5% 的视觉显示以彩色呈现时，几乎有三分之一的观察者没有注意到。这种知觉意识的限制无法通过视网膜神经解剖学或之前使用更传统的心理物理学方法进行的周围视觉处理的研究来解释。在第二项研究中，我们使用阶梯程序测量颜色检测阈值，同时一组观察者有意关注外围。尽管如此，我们发现观察者并没有意识到他们的大部分视野已经饱和。总之，这些结果表明，在活跃、自然的观看条件下，我们对丰富、多彩的视觉世界的直觉在很大程度上是不正确的。
Color ignites visual experience, imbuing the world with meaning, emotion, and richness. As soon as an observer opens their eyes, they have the immediate impression of a rich, colorful experience that encompasses their entire visual world. Here, we show that this impression is surprisingly inaccurate. We used head-mounted virtual reality (VR) to place observers in immersive, dynamic realworld environments, which they naturally explored via saccades and head turns. Meanwhile, we monitored their gaze with inheadset eye tracking and then systematically altered the visual environments such that only the parts of the scene they were looking at were presented in color and the rest of the scene (i.e., the visual periphery) was entirely desaturated. We found that observers were often completely unaware of these drastic alterations to their visual world. In the most extreme case, almost a third of observers failed to notice when less than 5% of the visual display was presented in color. This limitation on perceptual awareness could not be explained by retinal neuroanatomy or previous studies of peripheral visual processing using more traditional psychophysical approaches. In a second study, we measured color detection thresholds using a staircase procedure while a set of observers intentionally attended to the periphery. Still, we found that observers were unaware when a large portion of their field of view was desaturated. Together, these results show that during active, naturalistic viewing conditions, our intuitive sense of a rich, colorful visual world is largely incorrect.