Time spent outdoors, activity levels, and chronic disease among American adults
Time spent outdoors, activity levels, and chronic disease among American adults
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DOI：
10.1007/s10865-018-9911-1
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发表时间：
2018-08-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Stolley, Melinda
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beyer, Kirsten M. M.;Szabo, Aniko;Stolley, Melinda
慢性病--包括癌症、心血管疾病以及糖尿病和肥胖症等代谢疾病--占全球总死亡率的60%以上。久坐时间会增加慢性病发病率和死亡率的风险，而适度到剧烈的体力活动则会降低风险。大多数美国人至少有一半的时间是久坐不动的，有一种越来越久坐的生活方式的趋势，很少有美国人达到推荐的体力活动水平。在儿童/青年和老年人中，户外活动时间与减少久坐时间和增加体力活动有关，但很少有以人口为基础的研究考察工作年龄成年人之间的这种关系，因为他们可能面临更大的户外活动时间限制。这项研究调查了2009-2012年国家健康和营养检查调查(NHANES)中以人口为基础的工作年龄美国成年人样本中户外活动时间、活动水平和几种慢性健康状况之间的关系。研究结果证明，无论是在工作日还是非工作日，户外活动的时间与久坐不动的时间较少，而花在中等到剧烈的体力活动上的时间较多有关。此外，研究结果表明，在户外度过的时间与较低的慢性病风险相关；虽然这些关联部分地由活动水平来解释，但控制活动水平并不能完全减弱户外时间与慢性病风险之间的关系。虽然研究结果是横断式的，但研究结果支持这样一种观点，即增加户外活动时间可以带来更活跃的生活方式和更低的慢性病风险。未来的工作应该纵向检查这种关系，以确定因果方向。还需要额外的工作来确定身体活动以外的机制，如心理社会压力，这可能有助于解释户外活动时间和慢性病风险之间的关系。
Chronic diseases-including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic conditions such as diabetes and obesity-account for over 60% of overall global mortality. Sedentary time increases the risk for chronic disease incidence and mortality, while moderate to vigorous physical activity is known to decrease risk. Most Americans spend at least half of their time sedentary, with a trend toward increasingly sedentary lifestyles, and few Americans achieve recommended levels of physical activity. Time spent outdoors has been associated with reduced sedentary time and increased physical activity among children/youth and the elderly, but few population-based studies have examined this relationship among working age adults who may face greater constraints on active, outdoor time. This study examines the relationship between time spent outdoors, activity levels, and several chronic health conditions among a population-based sample of working age American adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for 2009-2012. Findings provide evidence that time spent outdoors, on both work days and non-work days, is associated with less time spent sedentary and more time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity. Further, findings indicate that time spent outdoors is associated with lower chronic disease risk; while these associations are partially explained by activity levels, controlling for activity levels does not fully attenuate the relationship between time outdoors and chronic disease risk. While cross-sectional, study findings support the notion that increasing time spent outdoors could result in more active lifestyles and lower chronic disease risk. Future work should examine this relationship longitudinally to determine a causal direction. Additional work is also needed to identify mechanisms beyond physical activity, such as psychosocial stress, that could contribute to explaining the relationship between time spent outdoors and chronic disease risk.