Cognitive Risk Factors for Specific Learning Disorder: Processing Speed, Temporal Processing, and Working Memory
Cognitive Risk Factors for Specific Learning Disorder: Processing Speed, Temporal Processing, and Working Memory
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DOI：
10.1177/0022219414547221
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发表时间：
2016-05-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Snowling, Margaret J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moll, Kristina;Goebel, Silke M.;Snowling, Margaret J.
阅读障碍（RD）和数学障碍（MD）之间的高共患病率表明，虽然这些疾病的认知核心缺陷是不同的，额外的领域一般的风险因素可能是共享的障碍。研究了RD和MD儿童的三个领域的一般认知能力：加工速度、时间加工和工作记忆。由于注意力问题经常与学习障碍同时发生，该研究检查了这三个已知与注意力问题相关的因素是否解释了这些障碍之间的共病。样本包括99名小学生分为四组：儿童与RD，MD儿童，儿童与两种疾病（RD+MD），和典型的发展中国家的儿童（TD控制）。处理速度，时间处理和记忆的措施进行了分析，在一系列的ANCOVA，包括注意力评级作为协变量。所有这三个危险因素都与注意力不集中有关。在控制注意力后，与RD和MD的关联不同：虽然言语记忆的缺陷与RD和MD相关，但处理速度降低与RD相关，而不是MD;与RD的关联仅限于熟悉的可命名符号的处理速度。相反，时间处理和视觉空间记忆的损伤与MD相关，但与RD无关。
High comorbidity rates between reading disorder (RD) and mathematics disorder (MD) indicate that, although the cognitive core deficits underlying these disorders are distinct, additional domain-general risk factors might be shared between the disorders. Three domain-general cognitive abilities were investigated in children with RD and MD: processing speed, temporal processing, and working memory. Since attention problems frequently co-occur with learning disorders, the study examined whether these three factors, which are known to be associated with attention problems, account for the comorbidity between these disorders. The sample comprised 99 primary school children in four groups: children with RD, children with MD, children with both disorders (RD+MD), and typically developing children (TD controls). Measures of processing speed, temporal processing, and memory were analyzed in a series of ANCOVAs including attention ratings as covariate. All three risk factors were associated with poor attention. After controlling for attention, associations with RD and MD differed: Although deficits in verbal memory were associated with both RD and MD, reduced processing speed was related to RD, but not MD; and the association with RD was restricted to processing speed for familiar nameable symbols. In contrast, impairments in temporal processing and visuospatial memory were associated with MD, but not RD.