Paint it black: Efficacy of increased wind turbine rotor blade visibility to reduce avian fatalities
Paint it black: Efficacy of increased wind turbine rotor blade visibility to reduce avian fatalities
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/ece3.6592
复制
发表时间：
2020-07-26
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Stokke, Bard G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
May, Roel;Nygard, Torgeir;Stokke, Bard G.
随着风能部署的增加和更大的风力发电厂的考虑，鸟与移动的涡轮机转子叶片相撞造成的死亡预计将会增加。然而，到目前为止，几乎没有制定出(具有成本效益的)威慑或缓解措施来降低碰撞风险。提供“被动”视觉提示可以提高旋翼叶片的能见度，使鸟类能够在适当的时候采取躲避行动。实验室实验表明，将三个旋翼叶片中的一个涂成黑色可以最大限度地减少运动污点(Hodos 2003，运动污点最小化：减少鸟类与风力涡轮机的碰撞)。我们在挪威的斯莫拉风力发电厂，使用事前-事后-影响的方法，使用死亡搜索的方法，测试了油漆将增加叶片的能见度的假设，以及这将降低现场死亡率的假设。与邻近的对照(即未涂漆)涡轮机相比，涂有油漆叶片的涡轮机的年死亡率显著降低了70%以上。该处理对减少猛禽死亡的效果最大；涂漆后没有记录到白尾鹰身体。在旋翼叶片上涂上对比漆大大降低了一系列鸟类的碰撞风险。然而，在运行中的涡轮机上喷漆转子叶片需要耗费大量资源，因为它们必须在就地喷漆。然而，如果在施工前实施，这一成本将被降至最低。建议在其他地点重复此实验，以确保结果在各种情况下都是通用的。
As wind energy deployment increases and larger wind-power plants are considered, bird fatalities through collision with moving turbine rotor blades are expected to increase. However, few (cost-) effective deterrent or mitigation measures have so far been developed to reduce the risk of collision. Provision of "passive" visual cues may enhance the visibility of the rotor blades enabling birds to take evasive action in due time. Laboratory experiments have indicated that painting one of three rotor blades black minimizes motion smear (Hodos 2003,Minimization of motion smear: Reducing avian collisions with wind turbines). We tested the hypothesis that painting would increase the visibility of the blades, and that this would reduce fatality rates in situ, at the Smola wind-power plant in Norway, using a Before-After-Control-Impact approach employing fatality searches. The annual fatality rate was significantly reduced at the turbines with a painted blade by over 70%, relative to the neighboring control (i.e., unpainted) turbines. The treatment had the largest effect on reduction of raptor fatalities; no white-tailed eagle carcasses were recorded after painting. Applying contrast painting to the rotor blades significantly reduced the collision risk for a range of birds. Painting the rotor blades at operational turbines was, however, resource demanding given that they had to be painted while in-place. However, if implemented before construction, this cost will be minimized. It is recommended to repeat this experiment at other sites to ensure that the outcomes are generic at various settings.