Planning of public housing in modern Tianjin (1928-1945)
Planning of public housing in modern Tianjin (1928-1945)
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近代天津公共住房规划（1928-1945）
DOI：
10.1080/02665433.2017.1408487
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
0.8
通讯作者：
Song Kun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sun Yanchen;Hein Carola;Song Kun
欧美和日本关于公共住房的争论是现代中国的典范，中国的学者和专业人士在国民党的支持下，将公共住房发展为社会改革和建筑类型创新的标志。本文以所谓的南京十年(1928-1937年)和日据时期(1937-1945年)天津公共住房的研究不足为个案，首先探讨了期刊、书籍和留学中国学者是如何将公共住房的概念介绍给中国的。然后研究了市政当局为天津开发的五个公共住房项目，其中两个是在南京十年期间开发的，三个是在日据时期开发的。分析这些项目的场地、建筑设计和管理规则，认为南京十年的项目(无论是规划的还是实现的)大多针对贫困家庭，同时解决住房问题，改革社会，监督穷人；而日据时期的项目造福于高收入者或日本人，并没有起到救济当地贫困人口的作用，后者是住房短缺的最大受害者。
European, American, and Japanese debates on public housing served as models for those in modern China, and Chinese scholars and professionals, with the support of the KMT (Kuomintang), developed public housing as a sign of innovation in both societal reform and building typology. Using the under-researched case of Tianjin's public housing during the so-called Nanjing Decade (1928–1937) and then again during the Japanese Occupation (1937–1945) as case studies, the paper first explores how journals, books, and foreign-trained Chinese scholars introduced the concept of public housing to China. It then examines five public housing projects that municipal authorities developed for Tianjin, two in the Nanjing Decade and three during the Japanese Occupation. Analysing the sites, architectural designs, and management rules of these projects, the paper argues that the projects in the Nanjing Decade (both planned and realized) mostly targeted poor families, serving to simultaneously solve housing problems, reform society, and police the poor; while the projects during the Japanese Occupation benefited high-income people or the Japanese, and did not play a role in the relief of the local poor, who suffered most from the housing shortage.