A brief history of medical taxonomy and diagnosis
A brief history of medical taxonomy and diagnosis
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DOI：
10.1007/s10067-004-1051-z
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发表时间：
2006-03-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Dequeker, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Balint, GP;Buchanan, WW;Dequeker, J
医学分类学或分类始于古希腊。希波克拉底(公元前460-377年)根据症状和体征、发烧、溃疡等或解剖位置(如头部受伤)对疾病进行分类[1]。克尼多斯(公元前300年)后来的克里西波斯学派，就在附近土耳其海岸的科斯岛以北，根据受影响的器官对疾病进行分类，尽管在进行尸检之前没有记录[2]。克尼迪亚学派可以被认为是现代医学生物医学模式的先驱，而希波克拉底的科恩学派则是整体生物心理社会方法的先驱[3]。亚里士多德(公元前384-322年)认为，将物体分组的能力是一项基本的认知成就，要被归类为一个组，物体必须有一个共同的特征[4]。在十五世纪和十六世纪，医学化学家，特别是菲利普斯，西奥普拉斯特斯(在西奥普拉斯特斯之后，公元前370-285年，植物学之父)，奥雷奥勒斯，庞巴斯都(从中派生出英语名词Bombast)，冯·霍亨海姆，更著名的是他的绰号，Paracelsus(1493-1541)(也许是以上Celsus的意思)，并由爵士描述
Medical taxonomy or classification began in ancient Greece. Hippocrates (460-377 BC) classified disease according to symptoms and signs, by fevers, ulcers, etc., or by anatomical location, eg injuries to the head [1]. The later school of Chrysippos at Cnidos (300 BC), just north of the island of Cos on the nearby Turkish coast, categorised diseases according to the organ affected, although there is no record of postmortem examinations before performed [2]. The Cnidian school can be considered the forerunner of the biomedical model of modern medicine, while the Coan school of Hippocrates that of the holistic biopsychosocial approach [3]. Aristotle (384-322 BC) considered that the ability to divide objects into groups was a fundamental cognitive achievement and to be classified into a group, objects must share a common feature [4]. In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, the iatrochemists, especially Philippus, Theophrastus (after Theophrastus, 370-285 BC, the father of botany), Aureolus, Bombastus (from which is derived the English noun bombast), von Hohenheim, better known by his sobriquet, Paracelsus (1493-1541)(perhaps meaning above Celsus), and described by Sir