Dryland corn in western Kansas: Effects of hybrid maturity, planting date, and plant population
Dryland corn in western Kansas: Effects of hybrid maturity, planting date, and plant population
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DOI：
10.2134/agronj2001.933540x
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发表时间：
2001-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Norwood, CA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Norwood, CA
旱地玉米(Zea Mays L.)堪萨斯州西部的产量受到高温和低降雨量的限制。近年来，由于杂交种的改良、减耕和免耕措施的接受、农业计划的改变以及有利的天气条件，公顷的数量有所增加。1996年至1999年在肯塔基州花园城附近进行了研究，以确定杂交成熟度、播种期和种植密度对旱地玉米产量的影响。在小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)-玉米-休耕轮作中，于每年4月中旬和5月上旬(1996年未种植H1和H2)种植成熟期分别为75(H1)、92(H2)、98(H3)、106(H4)和110 d(H5)的5个杂交种，稀植成3万株(P1)、45000株(P2)和6万株(P3)的群体。5月上旬播种期(D2)比D1平均增产1.51 mg ha(-1)(31.9%)，在降水分布最差的年份，D2增产2.83 mg ha(-1)(96.8%)。产量通常随着相对成熟度和种植密度的增加而增加。P_1~P_2平均增产13.5%，P_2~P_3平均增产4.3%，群体越高，增产幅度越大。在最干旱的年份，Hi在P3的产量比Pl低32.6%。旱地玉米应该在堪萨斯州西部的早期麦格种植。为了最大限度地减少干穗的减产，相对成熟期不应超过106d，群体不应超过P2。
Dryland corn (Zea mays L.) yield in western Kansas is limited by high temperatures and low rainfall. The number of hectares has increased in recent years due to improved hybrids, acceptance of reduced- and no-till practices, changes in the farm program, and favorable weather conditions. Research was conducted near Garden City, KS from 1996 through 1999 to determine the effects of hybrid maturity, planting date, and plant population on the yield of dryland corn. Five hybrids with maturities of 75 (H1), 92 (H2), 98 (h3), 106 (H4), and 110 d (H5) were planted in mid-April (D1) and early May (D2) of each year (H1 and H2 were not planted in 1996) and thinned to populations of 30 000 (P1), 45 000 (P2), and 60 000 (P3) plants ha(-1) in a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-corn-fallow rotation. The early May planting date (D2) produced an average of 1.51 Mg ha(-1) (31.9%) more grain than did D1, In the year of the poorest rainfall distribution, D2 resulted in 2.83 Mg ha(-1) (96.8%) more grain. Yield usually increased with relative maturity and plant population. The average yield increases were 13.5% from P1 to P2 and 4.3% from P2 to P3, Yield increases with higher populations were greater for earlier hybrids than for later ones. Yield of Hi was 32.6% lower at P3 than P1 in the driest year. Dryland corn should be planted in early Mag in western Kansas. To minimize yield reductions in dry Sears, relative maturities should not exceed 106 d, and populations should not exceed P2.