Cow’s Milk and the Emergence of Group B Streptococcal Disease in Newborn Babies
Cow’s Milk and the Emergence of Group B Streptococcal Disease in Newborn Babies
复制标题
牛奶与新生儿 B 族链球菌疾病的出现
作者：
Abdul Qader Tahir Ismail;D. Yeates;A. Marciano;Michael J Goldacre;Mark Anthony
背景：B组链球菌（GBS）是新生儿细菌性败血症的最重要原因，被认为是在20世纪60年代出现的。GBS也会引起奶牛乳腺炎，有间接证据表明人类GBS来自牛的祖先。目的：在20世纪60年代，从农场收集牛奶发生了重大变化，使用散装罐而不是搅拌器。我们试图确定这一变化之间的时间关系，在农业和GBS新生儿疾病的出现。研究方法：我们在PubMed中检索了1930年至1980年的GBS疾病报告，以更准确地确定新生儿感染出现的时间，并通过英国GBS感染的住院统计数据支持这一数据。我们通过在互联网和书籍上搜索有关英国牛奶运输、养殖和牛奶收集历史的信息，确定了从搅拌器到散装罐的变化日期。结果如下：在1930年至1950年期间，没有关于新生儿GBS疾病的PubMed报告，英国的报告仅在20世纪60年代中期出现，证实了GBS新生儿感染是20世纪60年代新出现的疾病的概念。在这段时间内，没有全国性的住院数据，但牛津记录关联研究（Oxford Record Linkage Study）从1968年开始提供牛津的住院数据，显示直到1974年才有新生儿疾病病例。1960年至1979年，英国的牛奶收集改为散装罐，不久之后出现了与GBS疾病有关的出版物。结论：在20世纪60年代英国新生儿GBS疾病报告的出现与牛奶收集的变化之间存在时间关系。这一发现可能是时间上的巧合，也可能支持人类GBS历史上来源于牛祖先的观点。
Background: Group B streptococcus (GBS), the most significant cause of neonatal bacterial sepsis, is thought to have emerged in the 1960s. GBS also causes mastitis in cows, and there is indirect evidence that human GBS is derived from a bovine ancestor. Objective: A major change in the collection of milk from farms, using bulk tanks rather than churns, occurred in the 1960s. We sought to define the temporal relationship between this change in farming and the emergence of GBS neonatal disease. Methods: We searched PubMed for reports of GBS disease from 1930 until 1980 to more exactly determine the time of emergence of neonatal infection and supported this data with UK hospital admission statistics for GBS infections. We identified the dates of the change from churns to bulk tanks by searching the internet and books for information on the history of milk transportation, farming and milk collection in the UK. Results: There are no PubMed reports of neonatal GBS disease between 1930 and 1950, and reports from the UK only emerged in the mid-1960s, confirming the notion that GBS neonatal infection was a newly emergent disease in the 1960s. No national data on hospital admissions are available around this time, but the Oxford Record Linkage Study, with admission data available for Oxford from 1968, showed no cases of neonatal disease until 1974. Cow’s milk collection in the UK switched to bulk tank between 1960 and 1979, and publications relating to GBS disease emerged soon after. Conclusions: There is a temporal relationship between the emergence of neonatal GBS disease reports in the UK in the 1960s and a change in cow’s milk collection. This finding may be a temporal coincidence or may add support to the notion that human GBS was historically derived from a bovine ancestor.