"Plantas con madre": Plants that teach and guide in the shamanic initiation process in the East-Central Peruvian Amazon
"Plantas con madre": Plants that teach and guide in the shamanic initiation process in the East-Central Peruvian Amazon
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jep.2011.01.042
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发表时间：
2011-04-12
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Pardo-de-Santayana, M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jauregui, X.;Clavo, Z. M.;Pardo-de-Santayana, M.
这项研究的目的：我们提出并讨论了一组特殊的植物，在传统医学的启动过程和学徒过程中，不同的治疗师使用了这种植物，就像秘鲁中东部的亚马逊社会所实践的那样。通常，这些植物在当地被称为Plantas conmadre(有母亲的植物)，并被认为在寻求神圣知识、学习植物用途和了解传统医学实践的过程中指导提升者。我们阐述了在传统医学的学徒和实践中使用的植物的多样性，并促进了讨论，以更好地理解土著治疗师用来描述植物用途和实践的术语。材料和方法：该研究在2003至2008年间进行，29名Curanderos(治疗师；23名男性，6名女性)，3名学徒和4名草药医生参与。参与者属于四个民族：17个梅斯蒂佐人，15个Shipibo-Konibo人，1个Ashaninka人和1个Matsiguenga人；一名西班牙学徒和一名意大利草药医生也参与了这项研究。现场数据是通过半结构化访谈、参与者观察和多次康复治疗过程的见证来收集的。结果：共鉴定出55种植物，分属于26个植物科，用于传统医学的启蒙和见习。在一个或多个大师Curanderos(治疗大师)的监督下，这组植物在被称为dietas(萨满式饮食)的训练和治疗过程中在严格的条件下进行管理。我们观察到，在萨满饮食期间，大师Curanderos根据他/她所传递的教义或工具来管理植物，并基于启动过程中的特定顺序：(I)净化和净化物种；(Ii)敏感性和直觉；(Iii)加强；(Iv)保护和防御。结论：传统治疗师仍然是亚马逊地区大多数人口的主要卫生保健来源。我们的研究表明，饮食制度和植物是秘鲁中东部亚马逊社会中传统医学的日常实践、保持文化连续性和土著宇宙的基本组成部分。这篇论文有助于填补世界上这一地区的治疗师对入门过程的理解的空白。这项研究提供了证据，表明需要与土著治疗师合作，以提高对他们的医疗实践、在他们的社会中的作用以及他们的工具和药物的价值的认识。尊重的态度和开放的思想和信息交流可能有助于更好地理解传统医生所使用的语言、他们的实践和他们的世界观。(C)2011爱思唯尔爱尔兰有限公司。保留所有权利。
Aim of the study: We present and discuss a particular group of plants used by a diversity of healers in the initiation process and apprenticeship of traditional medicine, as practiced by Amazonian societies in East-Central Peru. Often, these plants are locally called plantas con madre (plants with a mother), and are thought to guide initiates in the process of seeking sacred knowledge, learning about plant usage, and understanding traditional medicine practices. We illustrate the diversity of plants used in the apprenticeship and practice of traditional medicine, and nurture the discussion to better understand the terminology used by Indigenous healers to describe plant uses and their practices.Materials and methods: The study was conducted between 2003 and 2008 with the participation of 29 curanderos (healers; 23 men, 6 women), 3 apprentices and 4 herbalists. The participants belonged to four ethnic groups: 17 Mestizos, 15 Shipibo-Konibo, 1 Ashaninka, and 1 Matsiguenga; a Spanish apprentice and an Italian herbalist were also included in the study. The field data were collected using semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and the witnessing of numerous healing sessions. Oral informed consent was obtained from each participant.Results: We identified 55 plant species belonging to 26 botanical families, which are used in initiation processes and apprenticeships of traditional medicine. This group of plants is administered under strict conditions during training and healing sessions called dietas (shamanic diets), with the supervision of one or more maestros curanderos (master healers). We observed that during the shamanic diets, maestros curanderos administered plants depending on the teachings or tools he/she was passing on, and were based on a particular sequence during the initiation process: (I) purification and cleansing species; (II) sensitivity and intuition; (III) strengthening; and (IV) protection and defence.Conclusions: Traditional healers continue to be a primary source of health care for the majority of the population in the Amazon region. Our research suggests that the system of dietas and the plantas con madre are fundamental components of the everyday practice of traditional medicine, maintenance of cultural continuity and Indigenous cosmovisions in the Amazonian societies in East-Central Peru. This paper contributes to filling the gap in the understanding of the process of initiation among healers in this area of the world. The study offers evidence of the need to collaborate with Indigenous healers to improve the recognition of their medical practices, role in their societies, and the value of their tools and medicines. A respectful attitude and open exchange of ideas and information may contribute to a better understanding of the language used by traditional medical practitioners, their practice, and their worldviews. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.