Biochemical control of melanogenesis and melanosomal organization
Biochemical control of melanogenesis and melanosomal organization
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DOI：
10.1038/sj.jidsp.5640176
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发表时间：
1999-09-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hearing, VJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hearing, VJ
目前的知识在遗传和生化水平上的哺乳动物色素沉着的调节，并参与黑素体组织的成分，进行了总结。迄今为止，已知调节哺乳动物色素沉着的80多个基因中约有25%已被克隆和鉴定。这些基因中几乎有一半编码特异性或非特异性定位于黑素体的蛋白质;这些基因的突变通常会导致色素沉着和其他多效性变化的表型变化。这些蛋白质的表达和功能不仅影响表型外观，而且影响黑色素的性质，特别是它们的光保护特性。因为这些黑素体蛋白中的许多也充当黑色素瘤特异性靶标，所以它们的表达的调节对于恶性黑色素瘤的免疫靶向具有显著的意义。
Current knowledge on the regulation of mammalian pigmentation at the genetic and biochemical level, and constituents that participate in melanosomal organization, is summarized. Approximately 25% of the more than 80 genes known to regulate pigmentation in mammals have been cloned and characterized to date. Almost half of those encode proteins that localize, either specifically or nonspecifically, to melanosomes; mutations in those genes generally lead to phenotypic changes in pigmentation as well as in other pleiotropic changes. The expression and function of these proteins not only affects phenotypic appearance, but also the properties of melanins, especially their photoprotective characteristics. Because many of those melanosomal proteins also serve as melanoma-specific targets, regulation of their expression has dramatic implications for immune targeting of malignant melanoma.