FEBS Letters Special Issue on Exocytosis and Endocytosis.
FEBS Letters Special Issue on Exocytosis and Endocytosis.
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FEBS 关于胞吐作用和内吞作用的特刊。
DOI：
10.1002/1873-3468.13274
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Rothman,JamesE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Karatekin,Erdem;Rothman,JamesE
胞吐和胞内作用是所有真核生物的基本生物学过程。它们发生在广泛的物种、器官和细胞类型中，但利用共同的原理和密切相关的分子机制。胞吐作用是以囊状方式将货物运送到细胞表面(对于膜蛋白)或细胞外介质(对于可溶性化合物)。内吞作用是相反的过程。胞吐作用一般分为两类：结构性胞吐作用和钙离子触发胞吐作用。前者存在于所有真核细胞中，用于细胞膜的维持和细胞基质成分等化合物的释放。后者发生在专门按需分泌货物的细胞中，如餐后消化酶分泌到胰管(并最终分泌到十二指肠)，血糖上升后胰腺β细胞向血液分泌胰岛素，或应激反应下肾上腺嗜铬细胞分泌儿茶酚胺，等等。一种高度专门化和严格控制的胞吐作用控制着神经元突触前终末的突触小泡释放，是神经元通讯的基础。内吞作用有几种形式1，但都涉及到将质膜芽产生到胞浆中，被掐掉。内吞作用对于抵抗感染(吞噬作用)、吸收营养物质、传递信号和细胞膜的动态平衡是必不可少的。它还被流感病毒等病原体劫持，进入细胞。
Exocytosis and endocytosis are fundamental biological processes for all eukaryotes. They occur across a wide array of species, organs, and cell types, yet utilize common principles and closely related molecular machinery. Exocytosis is the vesicular delivery of cargo to the cell surface (for membrane proteins) or to the extracellular medium (for soluble compounds). Endocytosis is the reverse process. Two general classes of exocytosis exist: constitutive and calcium-triggered. The former occurs in all eukaryotic cells for cell membrane maintenance and release of compounds such as cell matrix components. The latter occurs in cells specialized in secreting cargo on-demand, eg secretion of digestive enzymes into the pancreatic duct (and ultimately into the duodenum) after a meal, insulin secretion into the bloodstream by pancreatic β-cells following a rise in blood glucose, or catecholamine secretion by adrenal chromaffin cells under stress response, to name a few. A highly specialized and tightly controlled version of exocytosis controls synaptic vesicle release in neuronal presynaptic terminals and underlies neuronal communication.Endocytosis comes in several varieties1, but all involve generation of a plasma membrane bud into the cytosol that is pinched-off. Endocytosis is essential for fighting infection (phagocytosis), uptake of nutrients, signalling, and cell membrane homeostasis. It is also hijacked by pathogens such as the influenza virus, to enter cells.