N-methyl d-aspartate receptor hypofunction reduces visual contextual integration.
N-methyl d-aspartate receptor hypofunction reduces visual contextual integration.
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DOI：
10.1167/jov.21.6.9
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发表时间：
2021-06-07
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Krekelberg B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schielke A;Krekelberg B
视觉认知很好地适应了场景中的元素，但也依赖于上下文整合来提高视觉检测和辨别能力。这种整合在精神分裂症患者中受到了损害。研究情境整合中的障碍可能会导致精神分裂症的生物标记物，监测疾病进展的工具，并在动物模型中，洞察潜在的神经缺陷。我们开发了一个非人类灵长类动物模型来检验N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体(NMDAR)功能低下损害上下文整合的假设。两只雄性恒河猴(Macaca Mulatta)被训练来指出屏幕上两种图案中哪一种的对比度最高。其中一个图案单独出现，另一个图案被高对比度图案包围。在人类中，这种高对比度的背景被认为会导致对对比度的低估。这种所谓的丘布错觉被认为是环绕抑制的结果，这是一种关键的语境整合机制。为了测试NMDAR参与这一过程，我们比较了在肌肉注射亚麻醉剂剂量的NMDAR拮抗剂氯胺酮和不注射NMDAR拮抗剂氯胺酮的情况下动物的知觉偏差。在没有氯胺酮的情况下，动物报告了与健康人类的Chubb错觉相匹配的报告。因此，猴子--就像人类一样--进行视觉语境整合。这重申了非人灵长类动物帮助理解视觉认知的重要性。注射氯胺酮显著降低了错觉的强度，从而损害了背景整合。这支持了NMDAR功能低下在精神分裂症患者观察到的特定行为障碍中起因果作用的假设。
Visual cognition is finely tuned to the elements in a scene but also relies on contextual integration to improve visual detection and discrimination. This integration is impaired in patients with schizophrenia. Studying impairments in contextual integration may lead to biomarkers of schizophrenia, tools to monitor disease progression, and, in animal models, insight into the underlying neural deficits. We developed a nonhuman primate model to test the hypothesis that hypofunction of the N-methyl d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) impairs contextual integration. Two male rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) were trained to indicate which of two patterns on the screen had the highest contrast. One of these patterns appeared in isolation, and the other was surrounded by a high-contrast pattern. In humans, this high-contrast context is known to lead to an underestimation of contrast. This so-called Chubb illusion is thought to result from surround suppression, a key contextual integration mechanism. To test the involvement of NMDAR in this process, we compared animals’ perceptual bias with and without intramuscular injections of a subanesthetic dose of the NMDAR antagonist ketamine. In the absence of ketamine, the animals reported a Chubb illusion - matching reports in healthy humans. Hence, monkeys - just like humans - perform visual contextual integration. This reaffirms the importance of nonhuman primates to help understand visual cognition. Injection of ketamine significantly reduced the strength of the illusion and thus impaired contextual integration. This supports the hypothesis that NMDAR hypofunction plays a causal role in specific behavioral impairments observed in schizophrenia.
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影响因子：
6.6
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通讯作者：
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作者：
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