Characterisation of mainstream and passive vapours emitted by selected electronic cigarettes
Characterisation of mainstream and passive vapours emitted by selected electronic cigarettes
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijheh.2014.10.001
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Barrero-Moreno, Josefa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Geiss, Otmar;Bianchi, Ivana;Barrero-Moreno, Josefa
电子烟自进入欧洲市场以来，越来越受欢迎。它们被制造商推广为烟草卷烟的健康替代品，但科学家和公共卫生专家关于它们对健康和室内空气质量可能产生的影响的辩论意味着需要对产品进行进一步研究，以确保决策者，医疗保健提供者和消费者的决策基于可靠的科学。本研究使用30 m（3）排放室在受控条件下调查和表征了“vaping”（使用电子烟）对室内环境的影响。该研究确定了电子烟主流蒸汽的组成，包括丙二醇，甘油，羰基化合物和尼古丁排放，使用具有适应性吸烟参数的吸烟机。使用两种型号的电子烟测试了两种不同的补充液体基本配方，每种配方含有三种不同的尼古丁含量。分析了补充液中丙二醇、甘油、尼古丁的含量，并定性分析了其主要风味物质。电子烟使用可能对健康造成的影响在本文中没有讨论。在这项研究中测试的电子香烟被证明是丙二醇，甘油，尼古丁，羰基化合物和气溶胶颗粒的来源。主动和被动“vapers”（电子烟用户）的暴露程度有很大不同。从吸烟机滤垫上冷凝的丙二醇和甘油的平均量外推到所得的肺浓度，分别获得丙二醇和甘油的估计肺浓度为160和220 mg m（-3）。尼古丁浓度为9 mg/mL（-1）的电子烟补充液导致蒸汽冷凝物尼古丁含量与低尼古丁普通香烟（0.15-0.2 mg）相当。在室内研究中，丙二醇、甘油和尼古丁的峰值浓度分别达到2200 μ g m（-3）、136 μ g m（-3）和0.6 μ g m（-3）。在腔室研究中未检测到高于检测限的羰基。在吸电子烟活动期间，20 nm至300 nm尺寸范围内的颗粒不断增加，并达到7 x 10（6）个颗粒L-1的最终峰值浓度。此外，受试产品显示出设计缺陷，例如药筒储液器泄漏。电子烟对健康的长期影响尚不清楚。因此，电子烟、电子烟对健康的影响以及再填充液体的成分需要对产品特性进行进一步研究。消费者将受益于电子烟和补充液体的协调质量和安全改进。(C)2014年由Elsevier GmbH出版。
Electronic cigarettes have achieved growing popularity since their introduction onto the European market. They are promoted by manufacturers as healthier alternatives to tobacco cigarettes, however debate among scientists and public health experts about their possible impact on health and indoor air quality means further research into the product is required to ensure decisions of policymakers, health care providers and consumers are based on sound science. This study investigated and characterised the impact of 'vaping' (using electronic cigarettes) on indoor environments under controlled conditions using a 30 m(3) emission chamber. The study determined the composition of e-cigarette mainstream vapour in terms of propylene glycol, glycerol, carbonyls and nicotine emissions using a smoking machine with adapted smoking parameters. Two different base recipes for refill liquids, with three different amounts of nicotine each, were tested using two models of e-cigarettes. Refill liquids were analysed on their content of propylene glycol, glycerol, nicotine and qualitatively on their principal flavourings. Possible health effects of e-cigarette use are not discussed in this work. Electronic cigarettes tested in this study proved to be sources for propylene glycol, glycerol, nicotine, carbonyls and aerosol particulates. The extent of exposure differs significantly for active and passive 'vapers' (users of electronic cigarettes). Extrapolating from the average amounts of propylene glycol and glycerol condensed on the smoking machine filter pad to the resulting lung-concentration, estimated lung concentrations of 160 and 220 mg m(-3) for propylene glycol and glycerol were obtained, respectively. Vaping refill liquids with nicotine concentrations of 9 mg mL(-1) led to vapour condensate nicotine amounts comparable to those of low-nicotine regular cigarettes (0.15-0.2 mg). In chamber studies, peak concentrations of 2200 mu g m(-3) for propylene glycol, 136 mu g m(-3) for glycerol and 0.6 mu g m(-3) for nicotine were reached. Carbonyls were not detected above the detection limits in chamber studies. Particles in the size range of 20 nm to 300 nm constantly increased during vaping activity and reached final peak concentrations of 7 x 10(6) particles L-1. Moreover, the tested products showed design flaws such as leakages from the cartridge reservoirs. Possible long term effects of e-cigarettes on health are not yet known. E-cigarettes, the impact of vaping on health and the composition of refill liquids require therefore further research into the product characteristics. The consumers would benefit from harmonised quality and safety improvements of e-cigarettes and refill liquids. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier GmbH.