Ammonia emissions from two mechanically ventilated UK livestock buildings
Ammonia emissions from two mechanically ventilated UK livestock buildings
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DOI：
10.1016/s1352-2310(98)00150-2
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发表时间：
1999-01-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Wathes, CM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Demmers, TGM;Burgess, LR;Wathes, CM
畜牧业建筑物的氨排放率需要为英国建立一个准确的排放清单。采用风扇轮风速计和热转炉，分别对机械通风的育肥猪舍和肉鸡舍的通风量和氨排放率进行了估算，热转炉采用化学发光nox分析仪分别测量通风量和氨浓度。肥育猪场和肉鸡舍氨排放系数分别为46.9和16.6 kg lu(-1) a（-1）。两个排放因子均在文献报道的范围内。基于恒定示踪剂释放率的示踪气体（CO）方法被验证用于测量自然通风畜舍的通风率。利用空气温度或开口示踪剂浓度确定进出风口。发现示踪剂浓度是比温度更合适的判据。在这两个房屋中，使用示踪剂方法估计的通风量与使用风机轮风速计测量的通风量之间存在显著相关性。猪舍和鸡舍的通风量分别被低估了12%和6%。在猪舍和肉鸡舍中，示踪气体法获得的瞬时氨排放量比风机轮风速法获得的氨排放量分别低14%和16%。使用示踪法估算的通风量和氨排放量与使用测量风机测量的通风量和排放率在可接受的范围内，但由于其准确性和简单性，风机轮风速计方法更适合用于机械通风建筑物的通风量的长期测量。1998爱思唯尔科学有限公司版权所有。
Ammonia emission rates from livestock buildings are required to construct an accurate emission inventory for the UK. Ventilation and ammonia emission rates from a fattening pig unit and a broiler house, both mechanically ventilated, were estimated using fan wheel anemometers and thermal converters with a chemiluminescence NOx-analyser to measure the ventilation rate and the ammonia concentration, respectively. The estimated ammonia emission factors were 46.9 and 16.6 kg lu(-1) a(-1) for the fattening pig unit and the broiler house, respectively. Both emission factors were within the range reported in the literature. A tracer gas (CO) method, based on a constant tracer release rate, was validated for measuring ventilation rates from naturally ventilated livestock buildings. Air inlets and outlets were identified using the air temperature or tracer concentration in the opening. Tracer concentration was found to be a more suitable criterion than temperature. In both houses, a significant correlation between the estimated ventilation rate using the tracer method and the measured ventilation rate using fan wheel anemometers was found. The ventilation rate was underestimated by 12 and 6% for the piggery and broiler house, respectively. The instantaneous ammonia emission derived from the tracer gas method was lower than the ammonia emission derived from the fan wheel anemometer method by 14 and 16% for the piggery and broiler house, respectively. The ventilation and ammonia emission estimates using the tracer method were within acceptable range from the ventilation and emission rates measured using measuring fans, but because of its accuracy and simplicity the fan wheel anemometer method is preferred for long-term measurements of ventilation rate in mechanically ventilated buildings. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.