An Adaptive TDMA-based MAC Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

An Adaptive TDMA-based MAC Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks
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水声传感器网络中基于 TDMA 的自适应 MAC 协议

DOI:
10.1145/3366486.3366549
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
--
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Gorma W
Gorma W
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gorma W

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随着信号频率和传输距离的增加,声波在水中的传播受到衰减的影响,具有时变的长传播延迟。水下环境噪声的功率谱密度也随频率变化。因此,可用信道带宽严重受限,水声传感器网络(UASN)的媒体接入控制(MAC)协议设计具有挑战性。在通道利用率和网络端到端延迟之间取得平衡尤其困难。联合自由/按需分配多址(CFDAMA)协议已被证明能有效地最小化端到端延迟和最大化信道利用率,但现有方法依赖于同步,这在水下很难实现。介绍了一种基于CFDAMA的专为UASN设计的健壮MAC协议--CFDAMA-NoClock。它能够提供自适应MAC解决方案,而不需要独立节点时钟之间的同步。该协议具有很高的实用性和简单性。分析模型和对几种水下场景的综合事件驱动仿真都表明,CFDAMA-NoClock在两种不同的业务类型下以及根据实际的UASN技术选择不同的网络参数时,都可以提供优异的延迟/利用性能。
Acoustic propagation through water suffers from attenuation that increases with both signal frequency and transmission range, with time-varying long propagation delays. The power spectral density of underwater ambient noise also changes with frequency. As a result, the usable channel bandwidth is heavily constrained and Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol design for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UASNs) is challenging. Striking a balance between channel utilisation and network end-to-end delay is particularly difficult. The Combined Free/Demand Assignment Multiple Access (CFDAMA) protocol has been shown to effectively minimise end-to-end delay and maximise channel utilisation, but existing approaches are reliant on synchronisation which is hard to achieve underwater. This paper introduces a novel robust MAC protocol, based on CFDAMA, exclusively designed for UASNs and called CFDAMA-NoClock. It is capable of providing an adaptive MAC solution without the need for synchronisation amongst independent node clocks. The protocol demonstrates a high level of practicality and simplicity. Both analytical models and comprehensive event-driven simulation of several underwater scenarios show that CFDAMA-NoClock can offer excellent delay/utilisation performance under two distinct traffic types and with various network parameters selected based on practical UASN technologies.
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