Births: final data for 2002.
Births: final data for 2002.
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发表时间：
2003-12
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Martin;B. Hamilton;P. Sutton;S. Ventura;F. Menacker;M. L. Munson
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文献类型：
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作者：
J. Martin;B. Hamilton;P. Sutton;S. Ventura;F. Menacker;M. L. Munson
这份报告根据各种各样的特点介绍了2002年美国出生的数据。数据包括产妇的人口统计学特征，包括年龄，活产顺序，种族，西班牙裔，婚姻状况和教育程度;产妇特征（医疗风险因素、体重增加、吸烟和饮酒）;孕妇对医疗服务的利用（产前护理、产科手术、分娩和/或分娩并发症、助产士和分娩方法）;和婴儿特征（妊娠期、出生体重、Apgar评分、异常状况、先天性异常和多胎）。还列出了按年龄、活产顺序、种族、西班牙裔和婚姻状况分列的出生率和生育率。表中列出了按母亲居住国分列的部分数据，以及关于出生月份和日期、性别比例和父亲年龄的数据。对生育模式和母婴特征的趋势进行了描述和解释。方法：对2002年出生的402.2万例新生儿的出生证明上报告的数据进行描述性表格。基于人口的比率的分母来自2000年美国人口普查。1991-2001年的比率可能与以前根据1990年美国人口普查公布的比率不同。2002年有4，021，726名活产婴儿，与2001年基本持平。2002年出生率、生育率和总和生育率均下降1%。青少年出生率下降了5%，达到另一个历史低点。20-24岁妇女的生育率下降，而25-29岁妇女的生育率保持稳定。30-34岁妇女的生育率下降，但35-44岁妇女的生育率继续上升。未婚妇女的生育情况变化不大。怀孕期间吸烟率再次下降。产前护理的及时性继续得到改善。剖腹产率攀升至美国有史以来的最高水平（26.1%），而之前剖腹产后的阴道分娩率下降了23%至12.6%。2002年，早产和低出生体重率均有所上升。双胞胎出生率继续上升，但三胞胎/+出生率略有下降。
OBJECTIVES This report presents 2002 data on U.S. births according to a wide variety of characteristics. Data are presented for maternal demographic characteristics including age, live-birth order, race, Hispanic origin, marital status, and educational attainment; maternal characteristics (medical risk factors, weight gain, tobacco, and alcohol use); medical care utilization by pregnant women (prenatal care, obstetric procedures, complications of labor and/or delivery, attendant at birth, and method of delivery); and infant characteristics (period of gestation, birthweight, Apgar score, abnormal conditions, congenital anomalies, and multiple births). Also presented are birth and fertility rates by age, live-birth order, race, Hispanic origin, and marital status. Selected data by mother's State of residence are shown, as well as data on month and day of birth, sex ratio, and age of father. Trends in fertility patterns and maternal and infant characteristics are described and interpreted. METHODS Descriptive tabulations of data reported on the birth certificates of the 4.022 million births that occurred in 2002 are presented. Denominators for population-based rates are derived from the 2000 U.S. census. Rates for 1991-2001 may differ from those published previously based on the 1990 U.S. census. RESULTS There were 4,021,726 live births in 2002, essentially unchanged from 2001. The birth rate, fertility rate, and total fertility rates all declined 1 percent in 2002. The teenage birth rate dropped 5 percent, reaching another record low. The birth rates for women 20-24 years declined, whereas the rate for women 25-29 years was stable. The birth rate for women 30-34 years declined, but the rate for women 35-44 years continued to rise. Births to unmarried women changed very little. Smoking during pregnancy was down again. The timeliness of prenatal care continued to improve. The cesarean delivery rate climbed to the highest level ever reported in the United States (26.1 percent) and the rate of vaginal birth after previous cesarean plummeted 23 percent to 12.6 percent. Preterm and low birthweight levels both rose for 2002. The twin birth rate continued to climb, but the rate of triplet/+ births was down slightly.