Consistency of Floating-Point Results using the Intel® Compiler or Why doesn’t my application always give the same answer?
Consistency of Floating-Point Results using the Intel® Compiler or Why doesn’t my application always give the same answer?
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使用英特尔® 编译器的浮点结果的一致性或为什么我的应用程序不总是给出相同的答案？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
David Kreitzer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dr. Martyn J. Corden;David Kreitzer
大多数实数的二进制浮点 [FP] 表示都是不精确的，并且大多数涉及浮点数的计算结果都存在固有的不确定性。浮点应用程序的程序员通常具有以下目标： 准确性 o 产生“接近”精确计算结果的结果 通常以小数误差或有时“最后一位的单位”(ulp) 来衡量。 再现性 o 产生一致的结果： 从一次运行到下一次运行； 从一组构建选项到另一组； 从一个编译器到另一个编译器 从一个处理器或操作系统到另一个 性能 o 生成运行尽可能快的应用程序
Binary floating-point [FP] representations of most real numbers are inexact and there is an inherent uncertainty in the result of most calculations involving floating-point numbers. Programmers of floating-point applications typically have the following objectives: Accuracy o Produce results that are “close” to the result of the exact calculation Usually measured in fractional error, or sometimes “units in the last place” (ulp). Reproducibility o Produce consistent results: From one run to the next; From one set of build options to another; From one compiler to another From one processor or operating system to another Performance o Produce an application that runs as fast as possible