Reciprocal affiliation among adolescent rats during a mild group stressor predicts mammary tumors and lifespan.
Reciprocal affiliation among adolescent rats during a mild group stressor predicts mammary tumors and lifespan.
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DOI：
10.1097/psy.0b013e31818425fb
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发表时间：
2008-11
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
McClintock MK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yee JR;Cavigelli SA;Delgado B;McClintock MK
尽管社会孤立对身体健康的有害影响早在三十年前就已为人所知，但对于社会关系如何以及为什么通常会改善健康，答案仍然扑朔迷离。社会关系并不总是有益的，我们研究了一个结构维度，它可能会带来它们的健康效应：在压力源期间的从属互惠。在一项寿命研究中，雌性大鼠与她们的姐妹生活在一起，并接受了气质、青春期日常应激源期间的附属互惠、皮质酮对应激源的反应、乳腺肿瘤的发展和诊断以及死亡的测试。在温和的群体应激源中相互联系更多的大鼠存活时间更长(p=.0005)，在成年后期表现出较低的皮质酮峰值(p=.0015)，以及更长的自发乳腺肿瘤发展时间(p=.02)。这些影响不能仅仅用联系互动的数量或个人气质来解释。事实上，关联互惠和新恐惧症是独立的，并相加地预测死亡率(p=.0002)。应激源中的相互依附性是一种社会互动的结构性特征，可保护女性免受早期乳腺肿瘤发展(SpragueDawley大鼠的主要病理)和早期全因死亡的影响。相反，缺乏互惠(无论是不成比例地寻求或接受尝试的从属关系)与新恐惧症一样是一个强有力的风险因素。因此，社会角色与个人气质相加地增加了风险。我们的数据表明，联系互惠作为日常应激源的缓冲作用，可能是由下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的反应减弱所介导的。
Although the detrimental physical health effects of social isolation have been known for three decades, the answers to how and why social relationships generally improve health remain elusive. Social relationships are not always beneficial, and we examined a structural dimension that may bring about their salubrious effects: affiliative reciprocity during a stressor. In a lifespan study, female rats lived with their sisters and were tested for temperament, affiliative reciprocity during an everyday stressor at puberty, corticosterone response to a stressor, mammary tumor development and diagnosis, and death. Rats that affiliated more reciprocally during a mild group stressor survived longer (p = .0005), having exhibited a lower corticosterone peak in response to an acute novel stressor in late adulthood (p = .0015), and longer time to the development of spontaneous mammary tumors (p = .02). These effects could not be explained solely by the number of affiliative interactions or individual temperament. Indeed, affiliative reciprocity and neophobia were independent and predicted mortality additively (p = .0002). Affiliative reciprocity during a stressor, a structural quality of social interactions, protected females from early mammary tumor development (the primary pathology in Sprague-Dawley rats) and early all-cause mortality. Conversely, lack of reciprocity (whether disproportionately seeking or receiving attempted affiliation) was as potent a risk factor as neophobia. Thus a social role increased risk additively with individual temperament. Our data indicate that affiliative reciprocity functions as a buffer for everyday stressors and are likely mediated by attenuated reactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.