3D Modeling of the Lateral Ventricles and Histological Characterization of Periventricular Tissue in Humans and Mouse
3D Modeling of the Lateral Ventricles and Histological Characterization of Periventricular Tissue in Humans and Mouse
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DOI：
10.3791/52328
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发表时间：
2015-05-01
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Conover, Joanne C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Acabchuk, Rebecca L.;Sun, Ye;Conover, Joanne C.
脑室系统携带和循环脑脊液（CSF），并促进溶质和毒素从大脑中清除。脑室的功能单位是纤毛上皮细胞，称为室管膜细胞，其排列在脑室中，并通过纤毛作用能够在脑室表面产生CSF层流。单层室管膜细胞还提供屏障和过滤功能，促进脑间质液（ISF）和循环CSF之间的交换。脑中的生化变化由此反映在CSF的组成中，并且室管膜的破坏可以破坏CSF和ISF交换的微妙平衡。在人类中，侧脑室扩张和衰老之间存在很强的相关性。即使在没有痴呆或脑脊液流动阻塞的情况下，也可能发生脑卒中相关的脑室扩大。脑室扩大的确切原因和进展往往是未知的;然而，扩大的脑室可以显示区域性的，通常是广泛的室管膜细胞覆盖的损失与脑室表面星形胶质细胞增生和相关的室周水肿取代功能性室管膜细胞单层。使用MRI扫描与死后人脑组织，我们描述了如何准备，图像和编译侧脑室体积的3D渲染，计算侧脑室体积，并通过对侧脑室壁组织制备的免疫组织化学分析来表征脑室周围组织。还提供了小鼠脑组织的相应分析，支持使用小鼠模型作为评价人类衰老和疾病中发现的侧脑室和脑室周围组织变化的手段。总之，这些协议允许调查脑室扩大的原因和影响，并强调研究脑室系统健康及其在大脑中的重要屏障和过滤功能的技术。
The ventricular system carries and circulates cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and facilitates clearance of solutes and toxins from the brain. The functional units of the ventricles are ciliated epithelial cells termed ependymal cells, which line the ventricles and through ciliary action are capable of generating laminar flow of CSF at the ventricle surface. This monolayer of ependymal cells also provides barrier and filtration functions that promote exchange between brain interstitial fluids (ISF) and circulating CSF. Biochemical changes in the brain are thereby reflected in the composition of the CSF and destruction of the ependyma can disrupt the delicate balance of CSF and ISF exchange. In humans there is a strong correlation between lateral ventricle expansion and aging. Age-associated ventriculomegaly can occur even in the absence of dementia or obstruction of CSF flow. The exact cause and progression of ventriculomegaly is often unknown; however, enlarged ventricles can show regional and, often, extensive loss of ependymal cell coverage with ventricle surface astrogliosis and associated periventricular edema replacing the functional ependymal cell monolayer. Using MRI scans together with postmortem human brain tissue, we describe how to prepare, image and compile 3D renderings of lateral ventricle volumes, calculate lateral ventricle volumes, and characterize periventricular tissue through immunohistochemical analysis of en face lateral ventricle wall tissue preparations. Corresponding analyses of mouse brain tissue are also presented supporting the use of mouse models as a means to evaluate changes to the lateral ventricles and periventricular tissue found in human aging and disease. Together, these protocols allow investigations into the cause and effect of ventriculomegaly and highlight techniques to study ventricular system health and its important barrier and filtration functions within the brain.