Structure and architecture of the maize genome
Structure and architecture of the maize genome
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DOI：
10.1104/pp.105.068718
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发表时间：
2005-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Messing, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Haberer, G;Young, S;Messing, J
玉米（Zea mays或玉米）在社会中扮演着许多不同的重要角色。它不仅是一种重要的实验模式植物，也是一种主要的牲畜饲料作物，也是甜味剂和乙醇等工业产品的重要来源。在这项研究中，我们报告了玉米基因组连续序列的系统分析。我们选择了100个平均大小为144 kb的随机区域，约占基因组的0.6%，并生成了用于序列分析的高质量数据集。该样本包含330个带注释的基因，其中91%得到了来自玉米和其他谷物物种的表达序列标签数据的支持。基因平均大小为4kb，有5个外显子，最大的基因超过59kb，有31个外显子。基因密度在每100 kb 0.5 ~ 10.7个基因之间变化较大，基因聚类不明显。我们观察到的总重复元素含量（66%）略高于之前的全基因组估计（58%-63%），并且几乎完全由逆转录因子组成。绝大多数基因可以与基因富集程序中读取的至少一个序列对齐，但只有大约30%被完全覆盖。我们的研究结果表明，相对于水稻（Oryza sativa）和拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana），玉米基因组大小的增加在很大程度上是由于重复元件和基因数量的增加。
Maize (Zea mays or corn) plays many varied and important roles in society. It is not only an important experimental model plant, but also a major livestock feed crop and a significant source of industrial products such as sweeteners and ethanol. In this study we report the systematic analysis of contiguous sequences of the maize genome. We selected 100 random regions averaging 144 kb in size, representing about 0.6% of the genome, and generated a high-quality dataset for sequence analysis. This sampling contains 330 annotated genes, 91% of which are supported by expressed sequence tag data from maize and other cereal species. Genes averaged 4 kb in size with five exons, although the largest was over 59 kb with 31 exons. Gene density varied over a wide range from 0.5 to 10.7 genes per 100 kb and genes did not appear to cluster significantly. The total repetitive element content we observed (66%) was slightly higher than previous whole-genome estimates (58%-63%) and consisted almost exclusively of retroelements. The vast majority of genes can be aligned to at least one sequence read derived from gene-enrichment procedures, but only about 30% are fully covered. Our results indicate that much of the increase in genome size of maize relative to rice (Oryza sativa) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is attributable to an increase in number of both repetitive elements and genes.