How income and food prices influence global dietary intakes by age and sex: evidence from 164 countries.
How income and food prices influence global dietary intakes by age and sex: evidence from 164 countries.
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DOI：
10.1136/bmjgh-2016-000184
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
8.1
通讯作者：
Mozaffarian D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Muhammad A;D'Souza A;Meade B;Micha R;Mozaffarian D
虽然收入和价格是饮食选择的关键驱动因素，但它们的影响如何因食物类别、国家和人口结构而变化还没有得到很好的确定。基于164个国家和11个食品类别的摄入量数据，我们检查了收入和食品价格与全球食物摄入量的关系，包括按世界地区、年龄和性别划分。我们使用了来自全球饮食数据库的2010年摄入量数据，这是第一个按国家、年龄和性别对主要食物类别的消费量估计的数据库。我们将这些数据与全国人均GDP和食品价格数据结合起来。我们估计了每种食物类别的摄入量对收入和价格的反应，考虑了国民收入、世界地区、年龄和性别的差异。我们确定了摄入反应的几个不同之处。例如，据估计，收入增加对撒哈拉以南非洲地区的牛奶摄入量增加影响最大，对全球老年妇女的水果摄入量影响最大。将我们的摄入量结果与之前基于支出数据的调查结果进行比较，我们发现，随着收入的增加，更多的商品表现出摄入量的下降，一些食品类别的显著关系较少，特别是对于高收入地区，尽管在先前的研究中，弹性大多随着国民收入的增加而减少，但我们确定了不是这样的食品类别。这项研究的结果表明，收入、价格和食物摄入量之间存在不同的关联。在应对全球营养和健康挑战时，政策制定者应该考虑某些食品的价格和收入弹性，以及国家内部和国家之间的人口结构的作用。
While income and prices are key drivers of dietary choices, how their influence varies by food category, nation, and demographics is not well established. Based on intake data for 164 countries and 11 food categories, we examined how income and food prices relate to food intake globally, including by world region, age, and sex. We used 2010 intake data from the Global Dietary Database, the first database of consumption estimates for major food categories by country, age, and sex. We combined these data with national per capita GDP and food price data. We estimated intake responsiveness to income and prices for each food category, accounting for differences by national income, world region, age, and sex. We identified several differences in intake responsiveness. For example, rising income was estimated to increase milk intake most strongly in Sub-Saharan Africa and fruit intake most strongly among older women globally. Comparing our intake results to previous findings based on expenditure data, we found more goods that exhibited declining intake in response to rising incomes, fewer significant relationships for a number of food categories, particularly for higher income regions, and whereas in prior studies, elasticities mostly decrease with national income, we identified food categories where this was not the case. The results of this study show heterogeneous associations among income, prices, and food intakes. Policymakers should consider the price and income elasticities of certain foods, as well as the role of demographics within and across countries, as they address global nutrition and health challenges.