Potential anti-inflammatory and anti-infectious effects of human milk oligosaccharides
Potential anti-inflammatory and anti-infectious effects of human milk oligosaccharides
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DOI：
10.1007/978-0-387-74087-4_18
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Rudloff, S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kunz, C.;Rudloff, S.
越来越多的证据表明母乳低聚糖（HMO）在胃肠道内的局部作用和全身功能。除了绝大多数体外数据外，动物研究还强调了HMO影响非常不同过程的高潜力。HMO可能通过影响双歧杆菌的生长来影响肠道菌群的组成。母乳喂养的婴儿中伴随的低数量病原微生物是否也是由HMO引起的，这是一个有趣的问题，尚未得到证实。由于HMO与上皮细胞表面碳水化合物的相似性，最有可能对病原体与细胞表面的粘附产生抑制作用。如果能在人类身上证明这一点，HMO将提供一种预防或治疗某些感染的新方法。这也表明在基于牛乳的婴儿配方奶粉中补充HMO，因为这些低聚糖在牛乳中要么检测不到，要么含量很低。由于一些HMO可以被吸收并在血液中循环，因此全身效应也可能受到影响。由于它们与选择素配体的相似性，HMO已经在体外研究中进行了测试，证明了它们的抗炎能力。例如，已显示含唾液酸的寡糖减少白细胞与内皮细胞的粘附，这是某些HMO的免疫调节作用的指示。我们在对HMO的结构进行简短介绍后涵盖了这些主题，特别强调了它们的血型和分泌特异性。
There is increasing evidence of the local effects within the gastro intestinal tract and the systemic functions of human milk oligosaccharides (HMO). In addition to the vast majority of in vitro data, animal studies underline the high potential of HMO to influence very different processes. HMO probably influence the composition of the gut microflora through effects on the growth of bifidus bacteria. Whether the concomitant low number of pathogenic microorganisms in breastfed infants is also caused by HMO is an intriguing question that still has yet to be proven. Due to the similarity of HMO to epithelial cell surface carbohydrates, an inhibitory effect on the adhesion of pathogens to the cell surface is most likely. If this could be shown in humans, HMO would provide a new way to prevent or treat certain infections. It would also indicate supplementing infant formula based on cow's milk with HMO, as those oligosaccharides are either not detectable or present only in low numbers in bovine milk. As some HMO can be absorbed and circulate in blood, systemic effects may also be influenced. Due to their similarities to selectin ligands, HMO have been tested in in vitro studies demonstrating their anti-inflammatory abilities. For example, it has been shown that sialic acid-containing oligosaccharides reduce the adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells, an indication for an immune regulatory effect of certain HMO. We cover these topics after a short introduction on the structures of HMO, with a particular emphasis on their blood group and secretor specificity.