Pollinator-prey conflicts in carnivorous plants: When flower and trap properties mean life or death.
Pollinator-prey conflicts in carnivorous plants: When flower and trap properties mean life or death.
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DOI：
10.1038/srep21065
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发表时间：
2016-02-18
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Suckling DM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
El-Sayed AM;Byers JA;Suckling DM
昆虫授粉的食肉植物，如果他们解决传粉者-猎物的冲突，节省昆虫授粉，而捕获猎物昆虫，预计将有更高的适应度。我们研究了是否分离的花和陷阱的食肉茅膏菜物种或传粉者的喜好的颜色的花，使这些植物备用传粉者。此外，我们收集的气味，从花和陷阱的每一个食肉动物的物种，以确定挥发性化学物质，是有吸引力的或排斥传粉者和猎物昆虫。匙形茅膏菜Drosera spatulata和盾叶茅膏菜D. arcturi，没有检测到挥发物，可以作为利它素引诱昆虫。然而，行为实验表明，白色的颜色和空间之间的分离花和陷阱的援助，减少授粉诱捕，同时捕捉猎物。与此相反，D.耳形花的花靠近它们的陷阱。在这个物种中，我们确定了从花朵发出的化学信号，包括八种成分的混合物，而植物的陷阱发出了独特的四种成分的混合物。花的气味吸引传粉者和猎物昆虫，而陷阱气味只吸引猎物。这是第一份证明食肉植物利用视觉、空间和化学信号来拯救访花者同时捕获猎物昆虫的科学报告。
Insect-pollinated carnivorous plants are expected to have higher fitness if they resolve pollinator-prey conflicts by sparing insects pollinating their flowers while trapping prey insects. We examined whether separation between flowers and traps of the carnivorous sundew species or pollinator preferences for colours of flowers enable these plants to spare pollinators. In addition, we collected odours from flowers and traps of each carnivorous species in order to identify volatile chemicals that are attractive or repellent to pollinators and prey insects. In Drosera spatulata and D. arcturi, no volatiles were detected from either their flowers or traps that could serve as kairomone attractants for insects. However, behavioural experiments indicated white colour and spatial separation between flowers and traps aid in reducing pollinator entrapment while capturing prey. In contrast, D. auriculata have flowers that are adjacent to their traps. In this species we identified chemical signals emanating from flowers that comprised an eight-component blend, while the plant’s traps emitted a unique four-component blend. The floral odour attracted both pollinator and prey insects, while trap odour only attracted prey. This is the first scientific report to demonstrate that carnivorous plants utilize visual, spatial, and chemical signals to spare flower visitors while trapping prey insects.