Contribution of diet to the composition of the human gut microbiota.
Contribution of diet to the composition of the human gut microbiota.
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DOI：
10.3402/mehd.v26.26164
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Watzl B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Graf D;Di Cagno R;Fåk F;Flint HJ;Nyman M;Saarela M;Watzl B
在人类肠道中，数百万细菌构成了微生物群，其组成对每个人都是特定的。虽然我们对微生物群概念的理解才刚刚开始，但我们已经知道微生物群的组成对人类健康有着深远的影响。决定肠道微生物群组成的一个关键因素是饮食。初步证据表明，饮食模式与肠道中细菌的不同组合有关，也称为肠型。西方饮食导致与传统饮食显著不同的微生物群组成。目前尚不清楚哪些食物成分特别促进肠道中有益细菌的生长和功能。这篇综述的目的是总结最近发表的证据，从人体在体内研究的肠道微生物群的调节作用的饮食。它包括关于饮食模式（例如西方饮食），全食物，食物成分，以及与食物相关的微生物及其对人类肠道微生物群组成的影响的威尔斯部分。结论强调了科学家在这一快速发展的研究领域所面临的问题，以及对高质量，大规模人类饮食干预研究的需求。
In the human gut, millions of bacteria contribute to the microbiota, whose composition is specific for every individual. Although we are just at the very beginning of understanding the microbiota concept, we already know that the composition of the microbiota has a profound impact on human health. A key factor in determining gut microbiota composition is diet. Preliminary evidence suggests that dietary patterns are associated with distinct combinations of bacteria in the intestine, also called enterotypes. Western diets result in significantly different microbiota compositions than traditional diets. It is currently unknown which food constituents specifically promote growth and functionality of beneficial bacteria in the intestine. The aim of this review is to summarize the recently published evidence from human in vivo studies on the gut microbiota-modulating effects of diet. It includes sections on dietary patterns (e.g. Western diet), whole foods, food constituents, as wells as food-associated microbes and their influence on the composition of human gut microbiota. The conclusions highlight the problems faced by scientists in this fast-developing field of research, and the need for high-quality, large-scale human dietary intervention studies.