Fast-killing parasites can be favoured in spatially structured populations.
Fast-killing parasites can be favoured in spatially structured populations.
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2016.0096
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发表时间：
2017-05-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Buckling A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Leggett HC;Wild G;West SA;Buckling A
越来越清楚的是，传染病的演变受到宿主人口结构的影响。理论预测，寄生虫在空间结构的宿主种群中应该更“谨慎”——更不容易传播。然而，在这里，我们(i)强调如何低传播，表型被选择在这种情况下，也可以通过贪婪的宿主利用来实现，如果快速的宿主利用赋予了局部的，宿主内的竞争优势；（ii）在细菌-病毒系统中测试这个新概念。我们发现，有限的宿主可用性和较低的亲缘性在较小程度上有利于更快地杀死传播减少的寄生虫。相比之下，高宿主可利用性和高亲缘性有利于杀死较慢、传染性较强的寄生虫。我们的研究结果表明，在空间结构的宿主-寄生虫群落中，高毒力可能被选择，而不是低毒力，在那里，本地竞争和因此对宿主内适应性优势的选择很高。本文是主题为“打开黑箱：重新审视寄生虫传播的生态学和进化”的一部分。
It is becoming increasingly clear that the evolution of infectious disease is influenced by host population structure. Theory predicts that parasites should be more ‘prudent’—less transmissible—in spatially structured host populations. However, here we (i) highlight how low transmission, the phenotype being selected for in this in context, may also be achieved by rapacious host exploitation, if fast host exploitation confers a local, within-host competitive advantage and (ii) test this novel concept in a bacteria–virus system. We found that limited host availability and, to a lesser extent, low relatedness favour faster-killing parasites with reduced transmission. By contrast, high host availability and high relatedness favour slower-killing, more transmissible parasites. Our results suggest high, rather than low, virulence may be selected in spatially structured host–parasite communities where local competition and hence selection for a within-host fitness advantage is high. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Opening the black box: re-examining the ecology and evolution of parasite transmission’.